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Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the whole population and comparison between patients with/without metabolic syndrome (according to AHA/NHLBI definition)

From: Prevalence, incidence and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a cohort of Mexican Mestizo early rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with conventional disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs: the complex relationship between MetS and disease activity

Characteristic Controls Whole population Patients with MetS Patients without MetS P value a
( n  = 160) ( n  = 160) ( n  = 28) ( n  = 132)
Socio-demographic      
Female gender 142 (88.8) 142 (88.8) 22 (78.6) 120 (90.9) 0.09
Age (years) 38 ± 12.4 38.1 ± 12.8 43.1 ± 10.5 37 ± 13 0.02
Years of formal education 10.9 ± 3.8 10.9 ± 3.8 10.8 ± 3.5 11 ± 3.8 0.87
Current smokers 16 (10) 16 (10) 2 (7.1) 14 (10.6) 0.74
Females with menopause (142 female) 14 (9.9) 14 (9.9) 3 (13.6) 11 (9.2) 0.46
BMI (kg/m2) 25.5 (19.2 to 41) 25.9 (18.1 to 46.8) 30.2 (23 to 46.8) 24.8 (18 to 41.7) 0.000
Disease characteristics      
Disease duration (months) NA 5.3 (0.47 to 11.5) 4.3 (1.4 to 10.5) 5.3 (0.5 to 12.5) 0.13
Patients with RF NA 130 (81.3) 25 (89.3) 105 (79.5) 0.29
Patients with ACCP NA 134 (83.8) 26 (92.9) 108 (81.8) 0.26
DAS28 NA 6 (2 to 8.7) 6.1 (3 to 8.6) 6 (2 to 8.7) 0.94
ESR (mm/hour) NA 23 (2 to 102) 22 (3 to 77) 23 (2 to 102) 0.86
CRP (mg/dl) NA 0.73 (0 to 14.7) 0.76 (0.1 to 8.5) 0.73 (0 to 14.7) 0.95
HAQ NA 1.4 (0 to 3) 1.4 (0 to 3) 1.5 (0.3) 0.39
Patients with erosions NA 15 (9.4) 6 (21.4) 9 (6.8) 0.03
Comorbid conditions      
Patients with ≥1 comorbid condition NA 82 (51.3) 22 (78.6) 60 (45.5) 0.001
Patients with diabetes NA 6 (3.8) 5 (17.9) 1 (0.8) 0.001
Patients with hypertension NA 13 (8.1) 9 (32.1) 4 (3) 0.000
Patients with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 NA 35 (21.9) 18 (75) 17 (12.5) 0.000
Treatment      
Patients with DMARDs NA 44 (27.5) 9 (32.1) 35 (26.5) 0.64
Patients with corticosteroids NA 59 (36.9) 11 (39.3) 48 (36.4) 0.83
Patients with antimalarials NA 26 (16.3) 5 (17.9) 21 (15.9) 0.78
Patients with other drugs NA 83 (51.9) 14 (50) 69 (52.3) 0.84
  1. Data presented as n (%), mean ± standard deviation or median (range). ACCP, antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides; AHA/NHLBI, American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; DAS28, disease activity score evaluated in 28 joints; DMARD, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HAQ, Health Assessment Questionnaire; MetS, metabolic syndrome; NA, not applicable; RF, rheumatoid factor. aComparison between rheumatoid arthritis patients with/without MetS.
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