Table 2 Factors associated with ASD diagnosis among children in Kelantan by simple logistic regression (n = 207)

Child factors

Child age (years)

1.27 (1.07,1.50)

7.83 (1)

0.005

Birth weight

 ≥ 2500 g

 < 2500 g

1

1.87 (0.57,6.15)

6.47 (1)

0.300

Sex

 Female

 Male

1

0.92 (0.41,2.07)

0.04 (1)

0.837

Gestational age

 ≥ 37 weeks

 < 37 weeks

1

2.88 (0.93,8.90)

3.38 (1)

0.066

Types of delivery

 Caesarean section

 Normal/Instrumental

1

0.56 (0.22,1.44)

1.43 (1)

0.231

Birth order

 Second- or later-born

 First-born

1

1.93 (0.87,4.27)

2.65 (1)

0.104

Sibling with ASD

 No

 Yes

1

0.49 (0.06,3.95)

0.44 (1)

0.506

Immunisation status

 Complete

 Not complete

1

1.24 (0.14,10.97)

0.04 (1)

0.849

Having comorbidities

 No

 Yes

1

0.49 (0.06,3.95)

0.44 (1)

0.506

Parental factors

 Maternal age at child’s birth

  < 20 years old

  20–39 years old

  ≥ 40 years old

1

0.21 (0.06,0.80)

0.32 (0.05,1.90)

5.24 (1)

1.57 (1)

0.022

0.210

 History of gestational diabetes

  No

  Yes

1

1.26 (0.50,3.17)

0.23 (1)

0.631

 History of hypertension in pregnancy

  No

  Yes

1

0.34 (0.04,2.64)

1.07 (1)

0.302

 Maternal educational level

  No formal education/Primary

  Secondary

  Tertiary

1

0.57 (0.20,1.62)

0.48 (0.15,1.61)

1.11 (1)

1.41 (1)

0.291

0.236

 Paternal age at child’s birth

  < 40

  ≥ 40

1

0.88 (0.31,2.48)

0.06 (1)

0.812

 Paternal educational level

  No formal education/Primary

  Secondary

  Tertiary

1

0.84 (0.32,2.21)

0.70 (0.22,2.27)

0.13 (1)

0.35 (1)

0.723

0.554

 Household income

  < 3000

  ≥ 3000

1

1.13 (0.47,2.72)

0.07 (1)

0.792