Table 1 Summary of study characteristics
Perioperative phase | Author (year) | Country | Type of study | Total no. of patients | No. of patients (Control) | No. of patients (HFNC) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anesthesia induction | Riva (2018) | Switzerland | RCT: induction general-anesthesia | 38 | 20 | 20 |
Riva (2018) | Switzerland | RCT: induction general-anesthesia | 40 | 20 | 20 | |
Procedure sedation | Teppei (2020) | Japan | RCT: procedure, dental intravenous sedation | 30 | 15 | 15 |
Sharluyan (2021) | Spain | RCT: procedure, flexible bronchoscopy sedation | 104 | 53 | 51 | |
Duan (2021) | China | RCT: procedure, repair Congenital Heart Disease sedation | 195 | 99 | 96 | |
Lei (2023) | China | RCT: surgery, JORRP tubeless airway surgery | 28 | 14 | 14 | |
Ran (2022) | China | RCT: surgery, dental procedures or oral surgeries | 120 | 60 | 60 | |
After extubation | Lee (2021) | Koreo | RCT: PACU oxygen | 78 | 38 | 40 |
Wei (2022) | China | RCT: PACU oxygen | 40 | 20 | 20 |
Oxygenation method (Control) | Oxygenation method (HFNC) | Age in years | Male n (%) | Weight | Desaturation definition | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal cannula, 0.2 L/kg/min, FiO2 1.0 | Device: Optiflow, 2 L/kg/min, FiO2 1.0 | 3.5 ± 1.6 | 29 (72.5%) | 15.1 ± 3.0 | 95% | |
Nasal cannula, 0.2 L/kg/min, FiO2 1.0 | Device: Optiflow, 2 L/kg/min, FiO2 0.3 | 3.7 ± 1.5 | 30 (75%) | 15.2 ± 2.7 | 95% | |
Nasal prongs, 5 L/min, FiO2 = 0.4 | Device: Airvo 2, 2 L/kg/min up to a maximum of 30 L/minute, FiO2 1.0 | 6 ± 2.3 | 20 (66.67%) | 21.6 ± 6.9 | 95% | |
1 month–2 years: 1L/min 2–16 y: 2 L/min | Device: Airvo2 or MR730,4,5,8,10,15, and 20 L/min, for weight ranges: 4–8 kg, 8–10 kg, 11–15 kg, 15–30 kg, 30–50 kg, and > 50 kg, FIO2 1 | 4.3 ± 5.4 | 58 (55.77%) | 17.9 ± 14.6 | 80% | |
Simple mask, 5 L/min, FiO2: 0.35 to 0.5 | Device: Optiflow, 5–15 kg, 2 L/kg/min; 15–30 kg, 35 L/min; 30–50 kg, 40 L/min; > 50 kg, 50 L/min, FiO2 0.4 | 3.3 ± 2.1 | 92 (47.18%) | 15.4 ± 8.1 | 90% | |
Remaining apneic without oxygen supplementation | Device: Optiflow, 5–15 kg, 2 L/kg/min; 15–30 kg, 35 L/min; 30–0 kg, 40 L/min; > 50 kg, 50 L/min, FiO2 1.0 | 5.4 ± 2.8 | 14 (50%) | N | 90% | |
LMA, maintaining spontaneous breathing | Device:OH-70C,2 L/kg/min, FiO2 1.0 | 4.7 ± 1.4 | 64 (53.33%) | 17.7 ± 4.2 | 95% | |
Nasal cannula, 1–2 L/min | Device: Optiflow, 2 L/kg/min, FiO2 0.6 | 10.4 ± 6.0 | 56 (71.79%) | 9.0 ± 2.5 | 95% | |
Air | Device: Optiflow, 25 L/min, FiO2 1.0 | 4.3 ± 0.8 | 21 (52.5%) | 20.6 ± 4.6 | 92% | |