Abstract
A rock-magnetic and paleomagnetic study was conducted on a sediment core of about 4.4 m long taken from the northeastern part of the Japan Sea. The core covers the last about 30 kyrs, which was dated by nineteen radiocarbon (14C) ages. Remanent magnetization is carried dominantly by magnetite. Reductive dissolution of magnetic minerals occurs between 1.2 and 1.6 m in depth (about 5–8 ka in age). A rapid downcore decrease of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) begins at the shallowest depth. Saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) follows, and a decrease of magnetic susceptibility (k) takes place at the deepest. Within this zone, coercivity of natural remanent magnetization (NRM) and the ratios of ARM to k and SIRM to k also decreases with depth. These observations indicate that finer magnetic grains were lost earlier than larger grains. A decrease of S ratios, wasp-waisted hysteresis curves, and a deviation from a mixing trend of single-domain and multi-domain grains in a Day plot occur as the dissolution proceeds, which suggests that high coercivity minerals like hematite are more resistive to dissolution than low coercivity minerals like magnetite. The start of the dissolution at 1.2 m in depth is synchronous with increases in organic-carbon and total-sulfur contents, but the horizon does not coincide with the present Fe-redox boundary at about 0.02 m below the sediment-water interface. From low-temperature magnetometry, it is estimated that magnetites with maghemite skin are reduced to pure magnetites prior to dissolution. There is no evidence for precipitation of secondary magnetic phases and acquisition of chemical remanent magnetization (CRM). Neither pyrrhotite nor greigite was detected. Information of paleomagnetic directions have survived the reductive dissolution. Inclination variations of this core resembles closely to the secular variation records available around Japan. Well-dated records older than 10 ka are still very rare, and hence our new record could be useful for establishing regional secular variations.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akai, J., T. Sato, and S. Okusa, TEM study on biogenic magnetite in deep-sea sediments from the Japan Sea and the Western Pacific Ocean, J. Electron Microsc, 40, 110–117, 1991.
Ali, M., H. Oda, A. Hayashida, K. Takemura, and M. Torii, Holocene palaeomagnetic secular variation at Lake Biwa, central Japan, Geophys. J. Int., 136, 218–228, 1999.
Banerjee, S. K., New grain size limits for palaeomagnetic stability in haematite, Nature Phys. Sci., 232, 15–16, 1971.
Bloemendal, J., J. W. King, F. R. Hall, and S.-J. Doh, Rock magnetism of Late Neogene and Pleistocene deep-sea sediments: relationship to sediment source, diagenetic processes, and sediment lithology, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 4361–4375, 1992.
Bloemendal, J., J. W. King, A. Hunt, P. B. Demenocal, and A. Hayashida, Origin of the sedimentary magnetic record at Ocean Drilling Program Sites on the Owen Ridge, Western Arabian Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 4199–4219, 1993.
Channell, J. E. T. and B. Lehman, The last two geomagnetic polarity reversals recorded in high-deposition-rate sediment drifts, Nature, 389, 712–715, 1997.
Cox, A. and R. G. Gordon, Paleolatitudes determined from paleomagnetic data from vertical cores, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 22, 47–72, 1984.
Day, R., M. Fuller, and V. A. Schmidt, Hysteresis properties of titanomagnetites: grain-size and compositional dependence, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 13, 260–267, 1977.
Dunlop, D. J., Theory and application of the Day plot (Mrs/Ms versus Hcr/Hc) 1. Theoretical curves and tests using titanomagnetite data, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2001JB000486, 2002.
Dunlop, D. J. and O. Ozdemir, Rock Magnetism: Fundamentals and Frontiers, 573 pp., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997.
Eriksson, M. G. and P. Sandgren, Mineral magnetic analysis of sediment cores recording recent soil erosion history in central Tanzania, Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol, 152, 365–383, 1999.
Honig, J. M., Analysis of the Verwey transition in magnetite, J. Alloys Compounds, 229, 24–39, 1995.
Hu, S., E. Appel, V. Hoffmann, W. W. Schmahl, and S. Wang, Gyromagnetic remanence acquired by greigite (Fe3S4) during static three-axis alternating field demagnetization, Geophys. J. Int., 134, 831–842, 1998.
Hyodo, M., C. Itota, and K. Yaskawa, Geomagnetic secular variation reconstructed from magnetizations of wide-diameter cores of Holocene sediments in Japan, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 45, 669–696, 1993.
Ikehara, K., K. Kikkawa, H. Katayama, and K. Seto, Late Quaternary paleoceanography of the Japan Sea: a tephrochronological and sedimentological study, in Proc. 29th Int’l. Geol. Congr., Pt. B, edited by R. G. Coleman and E. H. Juvigne, pp. 229–235, VSP, Utrecht, 1994.
Ikehara, K., H. Katayama, and T. Nakajima, AMS 14C ages of cored material collected from central to southeastern Japan Sea, Bull. Geol. Surv. Japan, 47, 309–316, 1996 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Ishikawa, N. and G. M. Frost, Magnetic properties of sediments from Ocean Drilling Program sites 1109, 1115, and 1118 (Leg 180), Woodlark Basin (Papua New Guinea), Earth Planets Space, 54, 883–897, 2002.
Itaki, T. and K. Ikehara, Radiolarian biozonation for the upper Quaternary in the Japan Sea, J. Geol. Soc. Japan, 109, 96–105, 2003.
Karlin, R., Magnetite diagenesis in marine sediments from the Oregon continental margin, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 4405–4419, 1990.
Karlin, R., M. Lyle, and G. R. Heath, Authigenic magnetite formation in suboxic marine sediments, Nature, 326, 490–493, 1987.
Kent, D. V., S. R. Hemming, and B. D. Turrin, Laschamp excursion at Mono Lake?, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 197, 151–164, 2002.
Kirschvink, J. L., The least-squares line and plane and the analysis of paleomagnetic data, Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc, 62, 699–718, 1980.
Kobayashi, K. and M. Nomura, Iron sulfides in the sediment cores from the Sea of Japan and their geophysical implications, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 16, 200–208, 1972.
Maher, B. A. and R. Thompson (eds.), Quaternary Climates, Environments and Magnetism, 390 pp., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999.
McFadden, P. L. and A. B. Reid, Analysis of palaeomagnetic inclination data, Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc, 69, 307–319, 1982.
Nowaczyk, N. R. and J. Knies, Magnetostratigraphic results from the eastern Arctic Ocean: AMS 14C ages and relative paleointensity data of the Mono Lake and Laschamp geomagnetic reversal excursions, Geophys. J. Int., 140, 185–197, 2000.
Nowaczyk, N. R., P. Minyuk, M. Melles, J. Brigham-Grette, O. Glushkova, M. Nolan, A. V. Lozhkin, T. V. Stetsenko, P. M. Andersen, and S. L. Forman, Magnetostratigraphic results from impact crater Lake El’gygytgyn, northeastern Siberia: a 300 kyr long high-resolution terrestrial palaeoclimatic record from the Arctic, Geophys. J. Int., 150, 109–126, 2002.
Oba, T., M. Kato, H. Kitazato, I. Koizumi, A. Omura, T. Sakai, and T. Takayama, Paleoenvironmental changes in the Japan Sea during the last 85,000 years, Paleoceanography, 6, 499–518, 1991.
Oba, T., M. Maruyama, E. Matsumoto, and T. Nakamura, AMS-C ages of Japan Sea cores from the Oki Ridge, The Quat. Res., 34, 289–296, 1995 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Ohno, M., Y. Hamano, M. Maruyama, E. Matsumoto, H. Iwakura, T. Nakamura, and A. Taira, Paleomagnetic record over the past 35,000 years of a sediment core from off Shikoku, southwest Japan, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1395–1398, 1993.
Özdemir, Ö. and D. J. Dunlop, The effect of oxidation on the Verwey transition in magnetite, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1671–1674, 1993.
Passier, H. F., G. J. de Lange, and M. J. Dekkers, Magnetic properties and geochemistry of the active oxidation front and the youngest sapropel in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, Geophys. J. Int., 145, 604–614, 2001.
Roberts, A. P., Magnetic properties of sedimentary greigite (Fe3S4), Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 134, 227–236, 1995.
Roberts, A. P., Y. Cui, and K. L. Verosub, Wasp-waisted hysteresis loops: Mineral magnetic characteristics and discrimination of components in mixed magnetic systems, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 17909–17924, 1995.
Roberts, A. P., R. L. Reynolds, K. L. Verosub, and D. P. Adam, Environmental magnetic implications of greigite (Fe3S4) formation in a 3 m.y. lake sediment record from Butte Valley, northern California, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2859–2862, 1996.
Robinson, S. G., J. T. S. Sahota, and F. Oldfield, Early diagenesis in North Atlantic abyssal plain sediments characterized by rock-magnetic and geochemical indices, Mar. Geol, 163, 77–107, 2000.
Rochette, P., G. Fillion, J.-L. Mattei, and M. J. Dekkers, Magnetic transition at 30–34 Kelvin in pyrrhotite: insight into a widespread occurrence of this mineral in rocks, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 98, 319–328, 1990.
Sagnotti, L. and A. Winkler, Rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism of greigite-bearing mudstones in the Italian peninsula, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 165, 67–80, 1999.
Sahota, J. T. S., S. G. Robinson, and F. Oldfield, Magnetic measurements used to identify paleoxidation fronts in deep-sea sediments from the Madeira Abyssal Plain, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1961–1964, 1995.
Snowball, I. F., The detection of single-domain greigite (Fe3S4) using rotational remanent magnetization (RRM) and the effective gyro field (Bg): mineral magnetic and palaeomagnetic applications, Geophys. J. Int., 130, 704–716, 1997a.
Snowball, I. F., Gyroremanent magnetization and the magnetic properties of greigite-bearing clays in southern Sweden, Geophys. J. Int., 129, 624–636, 1997b.
Stockhousen, H. and N. Thouveny, Rock-magnetic properties of Eemian maar lake sediments from Massif Central, France: a climatic signature?, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 173, 299–313, 1999.
Tada, R., I. Koizumi, A. Cramp, and A. Rahman, Correlation of dark and light layers, and the origin of their cyclicity in the Quaternary sediments from the Japan Sea, in Proc. ODP Sci. Results, 127/128, Pt.1, edited by K. A. Pisciotto, J. C. Ingle, Jr., M. T. von Breymann, and J. Barron, et al., pp. 577–601, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, 1992.
Tada, R., T. Irino, and I. Koizumi, Land-ocean linkages over orbital and millennial timescales recorded in late Quaternary sediments of the Japan Sea, Paleoceanography, 14, 236–247, 1999.
Tarduno, J. A. and S. L. Wilkison, Non-steady state magnetic mineral reduction, chemical lock-in, and delayed remanence acquisition in pelagic sediments, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 144, 315–326, 1996.
Tarling, D. H. and F. Hrouda, The Magnetic Anisotropy of Rocks, 217 pp., Chapman & Hall, London, 1993.
Tauxe, L., T. A. T. Mullender, and T. Pick, Potbellies, wasp-waists, and superparamagnetism in magnetic hysteresis, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 571–583, 1996.
Terashima, S., K. Ikehara, and H. Katayama, Carbon and sulfur contents of sediment cores in the western Hokkaido coastal area, in Preliminary reports on researches in the 1998 fiscal year: “Comprehensive study on environmental changes in the western Hokkaido coastal area” and “Study on evaluation of marine active faults”, GSJ Interim Report no. MG/99/1, pp. 166–172, Geological Survey of Japan, 1999 (in Japanese).
Torii, M., Low-temperature oxidation and subsequent downcore dissolution of magnetite in deep-sea sediments, ODP Leg 161 (Western Mediterranean), J. Geomag. Geoelectr, 49, 1233–1245, 1997.
Verwey, E. J. W., Electronic conduction of magnetite (Fe3O4) and its transition point at low temperature, Nature, 144, 327–328, 1939.
Vigliotti, L., Magnetic properties of light and dark sediment layers from the Japan Sea: Diagenetic and paleoclimatic implications, Quat. Sci. Rev., 16, 1093–1114, 1997.
Vigliotti, L., L. Capotondi, and M. Torii, Magnetic properties of sediments deposited in suboxic-anoxic environments: relationships with biological and geochemical proxies, in Paleomagnetism and Diagenesis in Sediments, edited by D. H. Tarling and P. Turner, Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., 151, pp. 71–83, 1999.
Yamazaki, T. and H. Oda, A Brunhes-Matuyama polarity transition record from anoxic sediments in the South Atlantic (Ocean Drilling Program Hole 1082C), Earth Planets Space, 53, 817–827, 2001.
Yamazaki, T., M. Joshima, and Y. Saito, Geomagnetic inclination during last 9,000 years recorded in sediment cores from Lake Kasumigaura, Japan, J. Geomag. Geoelectr, 37, 215–221, 1985.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yamazaki, T., Abdeldayem, A.L. & Ikehara, K. Rock-magnetic changes with reduction diagenesis in Japan Sea sediments and preservation of geomagnetic secular variation in inclination during the last 30,000 years. Earth Planet Sp 55, 327–340 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03351766
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03351766