Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Toll-like Receptors and Pregnancy

  • Published:
Reproductive Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  1. Abrahams VM, Bole-Aldo P, Kim YM, et al. Divergent trophoblast responses to bacterial products mediated by TLRs. J Immunol. 2004;173:4286–4296.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Abrahams VM, Visintin I, Aldo PB, Guller S, Romero R, Mor G. A role for TLRs in the regulation of immune cell migration by first trimester trophoblast cells. J Immunol. 2005;175: 8096–8104.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Abrahams VM, Romero R, Mor G. TLR-3 and TLR-4 mediate differential chemokine production and immune cell recruitment by first trimester trophoblast cells. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2005;53:279. Abstract ASRI205-202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Mor G, Romero R, Aldo PB, Abrahams VM. Is the trophoblast an immune regulator? The role of toll-like receptors during pregnancy. Crit Rev Immunol. 2005;25:375–388.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Romero R, Maymon E, Pacora P, et al. Further observations on the fetal inflammatory response syndrome: a potential homeostatic role for the soluble receptors of tumor necrosis factor alpha. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;183:1070–1077.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Davies JK, Shikes RH, Sze CI, et al. Histologic inflammation in the maternal and fetal compartments in a rabbit model of acute intra-amniotic infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;183: 1088–1093.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Goncalves LF, Chaiworapongsa T, Romero R. Intrauterine infection and prematurity. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2002;8:3–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, Espinoza J. Micronutrients and intrauterine infection, preterm birth and the fetal inflammatory response syndrome. J Nutr. 2003;133:1668S–1673S.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. von Dadelszen P, Magee LA, Krajden M, et al. Levels of antibodies against cytomegalovirus and Chlamydophila pneumoniae are increased in early onset pre-eclampsia. BJOG. 2003;110: 725–730.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Hsu CD, Witter FR. Urogenital infection in preeclampsia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1995;49:271–275.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Arechavaleta-Velasco F, Koi H, Strauss JF III, Parry S. Viral infection of the trophoblast: time to take a serious look at its role in abnormal implantation and placentation? J Reprod Immunol. 2002;55:113–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lamont RF. Infection in the prediction and antibiotics in the prevention of spontaneous preterm labour and preterm birth. BJOG. 2003;110(suppl 20):71–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Goldenberg RL, Hauth JC, Andrews WW. Intrauterine infection and preterm delivery. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1500–1507.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Abrahams VM, Fahey JV, Schaefer TM, Wright JA, Wira CR, Mor G. Stimulation of first trimester trophoblast cells with poly(I:C) induces SLPI secretion. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2005;53:280. Abstract ASRI205-204.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Fest S, Aldo PB, Abrahams VM, et al.Trophoblast-macrophage interactions: a regulatory network for the protection of pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2007;57:55–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Zarember KA, Godowski PJ. Tissue expression of human toll-like receptors and differential regulation of toll-like receptor mRNAs in leukocytes in response to microbes, their products, and cytokines. J Immunol. 2002;168:554–561.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hoshino K, Takeuchi O, Kawai T, et al. Cutting edge: toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-deficient mice are hyporesponsive to lipopolysaccharide: evidence for TLR4 as the Lps gene product. J Immunol. 1999;162:3749–3752.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Akira S, Takeda K. Toll-like receptor signalling. Nat Rev Immunol. 2004;4:499–511.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Alexopoulou L, Holt AC, Medzhitov R, Flavell RA. Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NFkappaB by toll-like receptor 3. Nature. 2001;413:732–738.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Uematsu S, Akira S. Toll-like receptors and innate immunity. J Mol Med. 2006;84:712–725.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Yamamoto M, Sato S, Hemmi H, et al. Role of adaptor TRIF in the MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Science. 2003;301:640–643.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Takeuchi O, Hoshino K, Kawai T, et al. Differential roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in recognition of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial cell wall components. Immunity. 1999;11: 443–451.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kawai T, Sato S, Ishii KJ, et al. Interferon-alpha induction through toll-like receptors involves a direct interaction of IRF7 with MyD88 and TRAF6. Nat Immunol. 2004;5:1061–1068.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Ilievski V, Lu S-J, Hirsch E. Activation of toll-like receptors 2 or 3 and preterm delivery in the mouse. Reprod Sci. 2007; 14:315–320.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kim YM, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, et al. Toll-like receptor-2 and -4 in the chorioamniotic membranes in spontaneous labor at term and in preterm parturition that are associated with chorioamnionitis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004; 191:1346–1355.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Kim YM, Romero R, Oh SY, et al. Toll-like receptor 4: a potential link between “danger signals,” the innate immune system, and preeclampsia? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;193: 921–928.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Straszewski-Chavez SL, Abrahams VM, Mor G. The role of apoptosis in the regulation of trophoblast survival and differentiation during pregnancy. Endocr Rev. 2005;26:877–897.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Abrahams VM, Schaefer TM, Fahey JV, et al. Expression and secretion of antiviral factors by trophoblast cells following stimulation by the TLR-3 agonist, poly(I:C). Hum Reprod. 2006;21:2432–2439.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Hirata T, Osuga Y, Hamasaki K, et al. Expression of toll-like receptors 2, 3, 4, and 9 genes in the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle. J Reprod Immunol. 2007;74:53–60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Pioli PA, Amiel E, Schaefer TM, Connolly JE, Wira CR, Guyre PM. Differential expression of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in tissues of the human female reproductive tract. Infect Immun. 2004;72:5799–5806.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gil Mor MD, PhD.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Koga, K., Mor, G. Toll-like Receptors and Pregnancy. Reprod. Sci. 14, 297–299 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1177/1933719107304562

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1933719107304562

Navigation