Abstract
Electrodeposition in superimposed magnetic gradient fields is a new and promising method of structuring metal deposits while avoiding masking techniques. The magnetic properties of the ions involved, their concentrations, the electrochemical deposition parameters, and the amplitude of the applied magnetic gradient field determine the structure generated. This structure can be thicker in regions of high magnetic field gradients. It can also be free-standing or inversely structured. The complex mechanism of structured electrodeposition of metallic layers in superimposed magnetic gradient fields was studied by different experimental methods, by analytical methods and by numerical simulation and will be discussed comprehensively.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
References
H. Bagard, Journal de Physique 5, 499 (1896)
R. Heilbrun, Annal. Physik 320, 988 (1904)
T. Fahidy, Electrochim. Acta 18, 607 (1973)
O. Devos, O. Aaboubi, J.P. Chopart, C. Gabrielli, B. Tribollet, J. Phys. Chemistry A 104, 1544 (2000)
R. Aogaki, K. Fueki, T. Mukaibo, Denki Kagaku 43, 509 (1975)
R. Aogaki, K. Fueki, T. Mukaibo, Denki Kagaku 44, 89 (1976)
R. Peipmann, R. Lange, C. Kubeil, G. Mutschke, A. Bund, Electrochim. Acta 56, 133 (2010)
D. Fernandez, Z. Diao, P. Dunne, J. Coey, Electrochim. Acta 55, 8664 (2010)
A. Krause, M. Uhlemann, A. Gebert, L. Schultz, Electrochim. Acta 49, 41274134 (2004)
G. Mutschke, A. Bund, Electrochem. Commun. 10, 597 (2008)
G. Mutschke, A. Hess, A. Bund, J. Fröhlich, Electrochim. Acta 55, 1543 (2010)
A. Bund, A. Ispas, G. Mutschke, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 9, 024208 (2008)
G. Mutschke, C. Cierpka, T. Weier, K. Eckert, S. Mühlenhoff, A. Bund, ECS Trans. 13, 9 (2008)
D. Koschichow, G. Mutschke, X. Yang, A. Bund, J. Fröhlich, Russ. J. Electrochem. 48, 682 (2012)
R. Aogaki, R. Morimoto, M. Asanuma, J. Magnetism Magnetic Mater. 322, 1664 (2010)
S. Ragsdale, J. Lee, X. Gao, H. White, J. Phys. Chem. 100, 5913 (1996)
K. Grant, J. Hemmert, H. White, J. Electroanalyt. Chem. 500, 95 (2001)
O. Devos, A. Olivier, J.P. Chopart, O. Aaboubi, G. Maurin, J. Electrochem. Soc. 145, 401 (1998)
H. Matsushima, A. Bund, W. Plieth, S. Kikuchi, Y. Fukunaka, Electrochim. Acta 53, 161 (2007)
A. Krause, M. Uhlemann, A. Gebert, L. L. Schultz, Thin Solid Films 515, 1694 (2006)
J. Koza, M. Uhlemann, A. Gebert, L. Schultz, Electrochim. Acta 53, 7972 (2008)
J. Koza, F. Karnbach, M. Uhlemann, J. McCord, C. Mickel, A. Gebert, L. Baunack, L. Schultz, Electrochim. Acta 55, 819 (2010)
A. Uhlemann, M. Krause, J. Chopart, A. Gebert, J. Electrochem. Soc. 152, C817 (2005)
J. Koza, S. Mühlenhoff, P. Zabinski, P. Nikrityuk, K. Eckert, M. Uhlemann, A. Gebert, T. Weier, L. Schultz, S. Odenbach, Electrochim. Acta 56, 2665 (2011)
J. Koza, S. Mühlenhoff, M. Uhlemann, K. Eckert, A. Gebert, L. Schultz, Electrochem. Comm. 11, 425 (2009)
J. Koza, M. Uhlemann, A. Gebert, L. Schultz, Electrochem. Comm. 10, 1330 (2008)
S. Ragsdale, K. Grant, H. White, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 13461 (1998)
K. Grant, J. Hemmert, H. White, Electrochem. Comm. 1, 319 (1999)
N. Wakayama, T. Okada, J. Okano, T. Ozawa, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40, L269 (2001)
T. Okada, N. Wakayama, L. Wang, H. Shingu, J. Okano, T. Ozawa, Electrochim. Acta 48, 531 (2003)
N. Chaure, J. Coey, J. Electrochem. Soc. 156, F39 (2009)
S. Mohanta, T. Fahidy, J. Appl. Electroche. 8, 265 (1978)
A. Katsuki, S. Watanabe, Y. Tokunaga, Y. Tanimoto, Chem. Lett. 25, 219 (1996)
O. Gorobets, V. Gorobets, D. Derecha, O. Brukva, J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 3373 (2008)
P. Dunne, L. Massa, J. Coey, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 024501 (2011)
P. Dunne, J. Coey, Phys. Rev. B 85, 224411 (2012)
P. Dunne, R. Soucaille, K. Ackland, J. Coey, J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07B915 (2012)
J. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, third edn. (J. Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, N.J., 2001)
R. Rosensweig, Ferrohydrodynamics (Cambridge University Press, 1985)
E. Landau, L.D. und Lifshitz, Lehrbuch der theoretischen Physik Bd. 8 - Elektrodynamik der Kontinua (4. ueberarb. Auflage, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, 1985)
A. Eringen, G. Maugin, Electrodynamics of Continua I (Springer Verlag, New York, 1989)
D. Lahoz, G. Walker, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 8, 1994 (1975)
D.R. Lide (ed.), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th edn. (CRC Press LLC, 2004)
G. Mutschke, K. Tschulik, T. Weier, M. Uhlemann, A. Bund, J. Fröhlich, Electrochim. Acta 55, 9060 (2010)
C. Wagner, J. Electrochem. Soc. 95, 161 (1949)
G. Mutschke, K. Tschulik, M. Uhlemann, A. Bund, J. Fröhlich, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 229401 (2012)
K. Tschulik, J. Koza, M. Uhlemann, A. Gebert, L. Schultz, ECS Trans. 25, 149 (2010)
K. Tschulik, C. Cierpka, A. Gebert, L. Schultz, C. Kaehler, M. Uhlemann, Technisches Messen 78, 232 (2011)
K. Tschulik, C. Cierpka, G. Mutschke, A. Gebert, L. Schultz, M. Uhlemann, Analyt. Chem. 84, 2328 (2012)
K. Tschulik, C. Cierpka, M. Uhlemann, A. Gebert, L. Schultz, ECS Trans. 41, 9 (2012)
R. O’Brien, K. Santhanam, Electrochim. Acta 32, 679 (1987)
X. Yang, K. Eckert, A. Heinze, M. Uhlemann, J. Electroanalytical Chem. 613, 97 (2008)
D. Fluent Inc., FIDAP 8.7.4 Documentation Suite (ANSYS Germany GmbH, Birkenweg 14a D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany, 2002)
B. COMSOL Inc., COMSOL Multiphysics Documentation Suite V.3.5a und V.4.2 (Burlington, MA 01803, USA, 2012)
G. NgoBoum, A. Alemany, Electrochim. Acta 44, 1749 (1999)
P. Olivas, A. Alemany, F. Bark, J. Appl. Electrochem. 34, 19 (2004)
G. Mutschke, K. Tschulik, T. Weier, M. Uhlemann, A. Bund, A. Alemany, J. Fröhlich, Magnetohydrodynamics 48, 299 (2012)
K. Tschulik, J. Koza, M. Uhlemann, A. Gebert, L. Schultz, Electrochem. Comm. 11, 2244 (2009)
K. Tschulik, R. Sueptitz, J. Koza, M. Uhlemann, G. Mutschke, T. Weier, A. Gebert, L. Schultz, Electrochim. Acta 56, 297 (2010)
K. Tschulik, C. Cierpka, A. Gebert, L. Schultz, C. Kaehler, M. Uhlemann, Analyt. Chem. 83, 3274 (2011)
K. Tschulik, C. Cierpka, X. Yang, M. Uhlemann, K. Eckert, R. Sueptitz, C. Kaehler, L. Schultz, A. Gebert, Magnetohydrodynamics 48, 279 (2012)
K. Tschulik, R. Sueptitz, M. Uhlemann, L. Schultz, A. Gebert, Electrochim. Acta 56, 5174 (2011)
K. Tschulik, X. Yang, G. Mutschke, M. Uhlemann, K. Eckert, R. Sueptitz, L. Schultz, A. Gebert, Electrochem. Comm. 13, 946 (2011)
X. Yang, K. Eckert, K. Seidel, M. Uhlemann, Electrochim. Acta 54, 352 (2008)
X. Yang, K. Eckert, S. Mühlenhoff, S. Odenbach, Electrochmimica Acta 54, 7056 (2009)
X. Yang, K. Eckert, S. Mühlenhoff, M. Uhlemann, S. Odenbach, Electrochem. Comm. 11, 318 (2009)
X. Yang, K. Eckert, S. Odenbach, Electrochem. Comm. 12, 1576 (2010)
S. Mühlenhoff, G. Mutschke, D. Koschichow, X. Yang, A. Bund, J. Fröhlich, S. Odenbach, K. Eckert, Electrochim. Acta 69, 209 (2012)
X. Yang, K. Tschulik, M. Uhlemann, S. Odenbach, K. Eckert, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 3, 3559 (2012)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Uhlemann, M., Tschulik, K., Gebert, A. et al. Structured electrodeposition in magnetic gradient fields. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 220, 287–302 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2013-01814-3
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2013-01814-3
Keywords
- European Physical Journal Special Topic
- Lorentz Force
- Work Electrode
- Magnetic Gradient Field
- Gradient Force