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Initial and final state temperature of \(K^{*0}\) in Beam Energy Scan of Au–Au collisions at RHIC energies

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Abstract

To determine the center of mass energy at which ordinary matter undergoes a transition to hot and dense matter, we employed a combination of the blast wave model and Tsallis statistics. Specifically, we analyzed the transverse momentum spectra of resonance particles (in this case, \(K^{*0}\)) produced in different centrality intervals during Au–Au collisions at various energies ranging from \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 7.7\) to 39 GeV. Our findings include the phase transition from hadronic matter to the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), and a quick expansion of the system at higher energies and in more central collisions, and disclose the fact that the central collision system, as well as the systems with higher center of mass energies, are easy to be in equilibrium. Our observations indicate a phase transition occurring from ordinary hadronic matter to the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) state in the final stages of collisions but not in the initial stages. Besides, we presented the correlation of \(T_0\) with various parameters and reported the higher excitation degree of the fireball and its rapid expansion. Our results can provide further insights into the role of the fluctuations in thermal excitation and collective expansion.

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Data Availability Statement

This manuscript has no associated data or the data will not be deposited. [Authors’ comment: The data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article and are cited in relevant places within the text as references.]

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Acknowledgements

Under grant number BK202313, the Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, China, is supporting this work. The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number “-NBU-FFR -2024-2225-03”. We would also like to acknowledge the support of Ajman University Internal Research Grant No. [DRGS Ref. 2023-IRG-HBS-13].

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The funding agencies have no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mathematics, Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, 442002, People’s Republic of China

    Muhammad Waqas

  2. Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan

    Muhammad Ajaz

  3. Department of Computer Sciences, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia

    Taoufik Saidani

  4. Department of Mathematics and Science, Ajman University, PO Box 346, Ajman, UAE

    Abd Al Karim Haj Ismail

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Waqas, M., Ajaz, M., Saidani, T. et al. Initial and final state temperature of \(K^{*0}\) in Beam Energy Scan of Au–Au collisions at RHIC energies. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 139, 415 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05227-7

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