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Band structures of the bowtie lattice and its ribbons influenced by \(\mathcal{PT}\)-symmetric imaginary potentials

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Abstract

By introducing the \(\mathcal PT\)-symmetric complex potentials, we investigate the properties of the band structure of the bowtie lattice with \(\mathcal PT\) symmetry. It is found that the complex potentials directly lead to the enhancement of the energy-band overlap, including the occurrence of the threefold degeneracy. Meanwhile, the flat band is destroyed gradually and the \(\mathcal PT\)-symmetry breaking occurs. When the two-dimensional lattice is cut into one-dimensional ribbons, the effect of the complex potentials is tightly dependent on the types of the ribbon edges, i.e., zigzag or armchair. For the case of armchair ribbon, the roles of the \(\mathcal PT\)-symmetric potentials are more dependent on its width. We believe that this work is useful for understanding the band structures of the \(\mathcal PT\)-symmetric bowtie-lattice systems.

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Data Availability Statement

This manuscript has associated data in a data repository. [Authors comment: All data included in this manuscript are available upon request by contacting with the corresponding author.]

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11905027), the LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program (Grant No. XLYC1907033) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. N2002005).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China

    Wen-Lai Mu, Dong-Ze Fan, Lian-Lian Zhang, Xue-Si Li & Wei-Jiang Gong

  2. State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China

    Wei-Bin Cui

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  1. Wen-Lai Mu
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Correspondence to Lian-Lian Zhang.

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Mu, WL., Fan, DZ., Zhang, LL. et al. Band structures of the bowtie lattice and its ribbons influenced by \(\mathcal{PT}\)-symmetric imaginary potentials. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 137, 133 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-02370-x

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