Degree of multifractality and correlations in framework of multi-dimensional complex network analysis for $^{16}$O–Ag/Br interactions at 60 A GeV

Abstract

The nature of fractality and correlations in relativistic heavy-ion interactions of $^{16}$O–Ag/Br at collision energy 60 A GeV are investigated in the framework of the sandbox algorithm using the concept of isotropy and anisotropy of phase space. In this work, we have attempted to find the deterministic information in $\eta -\phi$ space using the concept of Hurst exponent (H) by means of precise determination of topological parameters from the complex network perspective. The experimental data have been compared with Monte Carlo (MC) generated events to extract non-statistical dynamics. It has been observed that the process under study is multifractal in nature. It is also observed that the process is ruled by a small number of large fluctuations and contributes to correlated stochastic long-term positive auto-correlations. The characteristics of the multiparticle production process under study are independent of the spatial distribution of $\eta$ and $\phi$ space, where $\eta$ is pseudorapidity and $\phi$ is the azimuthal angle, but the degree of multifractality depends on the spatial distribution of pions in anisotropic phase space during the multiparticle production process. It is also observed that for different Hurst exponents, the multifractality of the experimental data sets are significantly different from the MC-simulated events.