Abstract
This manuscript presents an experimental investigation based on a novel optimization algorithm known as desirable grey relational analysis (DGRA) where desirability function is coupled with grey relational analysis for multi-objective optimization. The experimental and predicted results are compared with multi-criteria decision making method like fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (FTOPSIS) coupled with fuzzy analytical hierarchy process for criteria weights. Experimental analysis is done on wire electro-discharge machining of a developed novel titanium hybrid composite fabricated by laser engineering net shaping process varying power, time off and peak current as main input process parameters. Response surface methodology is used on Box-Behnken design model (3-factors/3-levels) having output responses like material removal rate, surface roughness, kerf width and over cut. Satisfactory outcomes are obtained and authenticated by confirmatory test. To check and confirm that models are significant, analysis of variance is used. Optimal solution is obtained by desirability approach to achieve the best output response which is further improved by 1.75%, 0.73% and 1.02% when compared with desirability to FTOPSIS, FTOPSIS to DGRA, and desirability to DGRA respectively
Graphic Abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
L. Gu, L. Li, W. Zhao, K.P. Rajurkar, Electrical discharge machining of Ti6Al4 V with a bundled electrode. Int. J. Mach. Tool Manu. 53, 100–106 (2012)
C.N. Elias, J.H.C. Lima, R. Valiev, M.A. Meyers, Biomedical applications of titanium and its alloys. Bio Mater Sci. 60, 46–49 (2008)
A. Kumar, V. Kumar, J. Kumar, Multi-response optimization of process parameters based on response surface methodology for pure titanium using WEDM process. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 68, 2645–2668 (2013)
V.S. Saji, Y.H. Jeong, J.W. Yu, H.C. Choe, Corrosion behavior of Ti-13Nb-13Zr and Ti-6Al-4 V alloys for biomaterial application. Corros. Sci. Technol. 9, 12–15 (2010)
C. Fleck, D. Eifler, Corrosion, fatigue and corrosion fatigue behavior of metal implant materials especially titanium alloys. Int. J. Fatigue 32, 929–935 (2010)
H.Z. Niu, S.L. Xiao, F.T. Kong, C.J. Zhang, Y.Y. Chen, Microstructure characterization and mechanical properties of TiB2/TiAl in situ composite by induction skull melting process. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 532, 522–527 (2012)
H. Attar, S. Ehtemam-Haghighi, D. Kent, X. Wu, M.S. Dargusch, Comparative study of commercially pure titanium produced by laser engineered net shaping, selective laser melting and casting processes. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 705, 385–393 (2017)
X. Wu, J. Liang, J. Mei, C. Mitchell, P.S. Goodwin, W. Voice, Microstructures of laser-deposited Ti–6Al–4 V. Mater. Des. 25, 137–144 (2004)
G.J. Marshall, W.J. Young, S.M. Thompson, N. Shamsaei, S.R. Daniewicz, S. Shao, Understanding the microstructure formation of Ti-6Al-4 V during direct laser deposition via in situ thermal monitoring. J. Occup. Med. 68, 778–790 (2016)
A. Bandyopadhyay, F. Espana, V.K. Balla, S. Bose, Y. Ohgami, N.M. Davies, Influence of porosity on mechanical properties and in vivo response of Ti6Al4V implants. Acta Biomater. 6, 1640–1648 (2010)
C. Qiu, G.A. Ravi, C. Dance, A. Ranson, S. Dilworth, M.M. Attallah, Fabrication of large Ti–6Al–4V structures by direct laser deposition. J. Alloy. Comp. 629, 351–361 (2015)
A.J. Sterling, B. Torries, N. Shamsaei, S.M. Thompson, D.W. Seely, Fatigue behavior and failure mechanisms of direct laser deposited Ti–6Al–4V. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 655, 100–112 (2016)
Y. Hu, F. Ning, H. Wang, W. Cong, B. Zhao, Laser engineered net shaping of quasi continuous network microstructural TiB reinforced titanium matrix bulk composites: microstructure and wear performance. Optics Laser. Technol. 99, 174–183 (2018)
Y. Hu, W. Cong, X. Wang, Y. Li, F. Ning, H. Wang, Laser deposition-additive manufacturing of TiB-Ti composites with novel three-dimensional quasi-continuous network microstructure: effects on strengthening and toughening. Compos. B Eng. 133, 91–100 (2018)
H. Attar, M. Bönisch, M. Calin, L.C. Zhang, K. Zhuravleva, A. Funk, S. Scudino, C. Yang, J. Eckert, Comparative study of microstructures and mechanical properties of in situ Ti–TiB composites produced by selective laser melting, powder metallurgy, and casting technologies. J. Mater. Res. 29, 1941–1950 (2014)
M. Manjaiah, S. Narendranath, S. Basavarajappa, A review on machining of titanium based alloys using EDM and WEDM. Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. 36, 89–111 (2014)
F. Nourbakhsh, K.P. Rajurkar, A.P. Malshe, J. Cao, Wire electro-discharge machining of titanium alloy. Procedia CIRP 5, 13–18 (2013)
S.F. Hsieh, S.L. Chen, H.C. Lin, M.H. Lin, S.Y. Chiou, The machining characteristics and shape recovery ability of Ti–Ni–X (X = Zr, Cr) ternary shape memory alloys using the wire electro-discharge machining. Int J Mach Tool Manu. 49, 509–514 (2009)
S. Kuriakose, M.S. Shunmugam, Multi-objective optimization of wire-electro discharge machining process by non-dominated sorting algorithm. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 170, 133–141 (2005)
F. Han, J. Jiang, D. Yu, Influence of machining parameters on surface roughness in finish cut of WEDM. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 34, 538–546 (2007)
A. Sharma, M.P. Garg, K.K. Goyal, Prediction of Optimal Conditions for WEDM of Al 6063/ZrSiO4(p) MMC. Procedia Mater. Sci. 6, 1024–1033 (2014)
S. Bose, S. Samanta, N. Mandal, S. De, N.S. Mistry, P. Koley, T. Nandi, A novel approach in comparison and experimentation of Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites using advanced MCDM methods. IOP Conf. Series: Mat. Sci. Eng. 653, 012003 (2019)
S. Bose, N. Mandal, T. Nandi, Selection and Experimentation of the Best Hybrid Green Composite Using Advanced MCDM methods for clean sustainable energy recovery: a novel approach. Int. J. Math. Eng. Management Sci. 5, 556–566 (2020)
E. Ekici, A.R. Motorcu, A. Kuş, Evaluation of surface roughness and material removal rate in the wire electrical discharge machining of Al/B4C composites via the Taguchi method. J. Compos. Mater. 50, 2575–2586 (2015)
D. Kumar, S. Gururaja, Abrasive waterjet machining of Ti/CFRP/Ti laminate and multi-objective optimization of the process parameters using response surface methodology. J. Compos. Mater. 54, 1741–1759 (2019)
S. Rajesh, S. Rajakarunakaran, R. Sudhkarapandian, Optimization of the red mud–aluminum composite in the turning process by the Grey relational analysis with entropy. J. Compos. Mater. 48, 2097–2105 (2013)
R.A. Ramnath, P.R. Thyla, N.M. Kumar, S. Aravind, Optimization of machining parameters of composites using multi-attribute decision-making techniques: a review. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 37, 77–89 (2017)
A. Khazaei, A. Shojaei, Modeling and optimization of friction materials based on genetic programming and experimental frictional data. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 34, 581–590 (2015)
P.E. Jahromi, A. Shojaei, S.M.R. Pishvaie, Prediction and optimization of cure cycle of thick fiber-reinforced composite parts using dynamic artificial neural networks. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 31, 1201–1215 (2012)
A.V. Shayan, R.A. Afza, R. Teimouri, Parametric study along with selection of optimal solutions in dry wire cut machining of cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co). J. Manuf. 15, 644–658 (2013)
S.S. Kumar, M. Uthayakumar, S.T. Kumaran, P. Parameswaran, E. Mohandas, G. Kempulraj, B.S. Ramesh Babu, S.A. Natarajan, Parametric optimization of wire electrical discharge machining on aluminium based composites through grey relational analysis. J. Manuf. 20, 33–39 (2015)
V. Kavimani, K. Soorya Prakash, T. Thankachan, Multi-objective optimization in WEDM process of graphene–SiC-magnesium composite through hybrid techniques. Measurement 145, 335–349 (2019)
C.L. Hwang, K. Yoon, Multiple Attribute Decision Making Methods and Applications (Springer, Berlin, 1981)
R. Biswas, M.C. Das, S. Bhattacharyya, A.S. Kuar, S. Mitra, Selection of Nd:yAG laser beam micro-drilling parameters using multi-criteria decision making methods. Opt. Laser Technol. 119, 105596 (2019)
L.A. Zadeh, Fuzzy sets. Information. Control 8, 338–353 (1965)
K. Ananthakumar, D. Rajamani, E. Balasubramanian, J. Paulo Davim, Measurement and optimization of multi-response characteristics in plasma arc cutting of Monel 400™ using RSM and TOPSIS. Measurement 135, 725–737 (2019)
S. Nădăban, S. Dzitac, I. Dzitac, Fuzzy TOPSIS: a general view. Procedia Comput. Sci. 91, 823–831 (2016)
T.K. Biswas, S.M. Akash, S. Saha, A fuzzy-AHP method for selection best apparel item to start-up with new garment factory: a case study in Bangladesh. Int. J. Res. Ind. Eng. 7, 32–50 (2018)
F. Liu, Y. Peng, W. Zhang, W. Pedrycz, On consistency in AHP and fuzzy AHP. Int. J. Syst. Sci. 5, 128–147 (2017)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare and confirm that there is no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bose, S., Nandi, T. Experimental investigation of WEDM on titanium hybrid composite reinforced with boron powder: a novel approach. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 135, 914 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00904-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00904-9