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On the importance of using realistic partition functions in kilonova opacity calculations

  • Regular Article – Atomic Physics
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Abstract

In the present work, we report an investigation on the importance of using realistic partition functions in the opacity calculations of lanthanide ions whether they are moderately or lowly ionized. In order to do this, atomic data for various moderately charged samarium (Sm V–XI) and lowly charged neodymium (Nd II–IV) ions were calculated by the pseudo-relativistic Hartree–Fock method (HFR) and then, used to compute the expansion opacities for conditions characterizing the ejecta of kilonovae observed as a result of neutron star mergers, with a particular attention given to the partition function computations.

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Data Availability Statement

This manuscript has no associated data or the data will not be deposited. [Authors’ comment: The aim of the present work being to investigate and discuss the impact of the use of realistic partition functions on opacities, the very numerous atomic parameters obtained in our calculations are not tabulated in this paper. These are available on request from the authors.]

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Acknowledgements

HCG is a holder of a FRIA fellowship, while PP and PQ are, respectively, Research Associate and Research Director of the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research F.R.S.-FNRS. JD has received funding from the FWO and F.R.S.-FNRS under the Excellence of Science (EOS) programme (Nos. O.0004.22 and O022818F). Computational resources have been provided by the Consortium des Equipements de Calcul Intensif (CECI), funded by the F.R.S. -FNRS under Grant No. 2.5020.11 and by the Walloon Region of Belgium.

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Author notes

  1. Jérôme Deprince, Michel Godefroid, Stéphane Goriely, Patrick Palmeri, and Pascal Quinet have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physique Atomique et Astrophysique, Université de Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium

    Helena Carvajal Gallego, Jérôme Deprince, Patrick Palmeri & Pascal Quinet

  2. Institut d’Astronomie et d’Astrophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium

    Jérôme Deprince & Stéphane Goriely

  3. SQUARES, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium

    Michel Godefroid

  4. IPNAS, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium

    Pascal Quinet

Authors
  1. Helena Carvajal Gallego
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  2. Jérôme Deprince
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  3. Michel Godefroid
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  4. Stéphane Goriely
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  5. Patrick Palmeri
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  6. Pascal Quinet
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All authors contributed equally to the paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Helena Carvajal Gallego.

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Carvajal Gallego, H., Deprince, J., Godefroid, M. et al. On the importance of using realistic partition functions in kilonova opacity calculations. Eur. Phys. J. D 77, 72 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/s10053-023-00638-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/s10053-023-00638-0

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