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Dynamics of fullerenes confined in nanotube: Temperature-modulated Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction studies

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Abstract

The ultrathin channel in nanotube is an exciting host to encapsulate sub-nanometer size guest spices. The dynamics of confined \(\hbox {C}_{\mathrm {60}}\hbox {s}\) inside the nanoscale host tube have been investigated by various stimuli like e-beam irradiation, Ar-ion laser and Cu \(\hbox {K}_{\upalpha }\) X-ray. It has been disclosed that the accelerating voltage of TEM higher than the threshold energies of the ballistic knockoff in carbon atoms can be used to understand the rotation of host species in the confined geometry. The radial breathing Raman mode of host SWCNTs has been studied to insight into the enhanced mobility of guest \(\hbox {C}_{\mathrm {60}}\hbox {s}\) at higher temperatures in the confined tube geometry of nanopeapod. We have highlighted the role of temperature as a function of kinetic energy of the confined \(\hbox {C}_{\mathrm {60}}\hbox {s}\) in SWCNTs and which leads to the reduction of stress in host–guest complex. The temperature-dependent XRD has been used to study the mobilities of \(\hbox {C}_{\mathrm {60}}\) molecules adsorbed onto the SWCNTs to move along the tube walls until they detect an opening to infuse in the confined space

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Data Availability Statement

This manuscript has no associated data, or the data will not be deposited. [Author’s comment: All required data submitted in supplementary information.]

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge help of Advanced Imaging Centre, IIT, Kanpur, for TEM analysis. Authors gratefully acknowledged the help of Dr Kavita Agarwal for extending characterization facilities. Authors thank the Central Glass Blowing Section, IIT, Kanpur, for sealing the nanotubes and fullerenes in quartz tubes under vacuum. The authors also thank Dr Kingsuk Mukhopadhyay, DMSRDE, for fruitful discussion and many suggestions. Authors acknowledge the help and support of the scientists, research scholars and the staff members of Directorate of Nanomaterials and Technologies, DMSRDE, Kanpur, for the experimentation, characterizations and suggestions. The authors are grateful to the Director, DMSRDE, Kanpur, for help, support, guidance and permission to publish our experimental findings.

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Author notes

  1. Contribution to the Topical Issue “Atoms and Molecules in a Confined Environment”, edited by C. N. Ramachandran, H. E. Montgomery, V. Aquilanti and N. Sathyamurthy.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Directorate of Nanomaterials and Technologies, DMSRDE, Kanpur, 208013, India

    Sudeepa Devi, Sudhanshu Singh, Sanjay Kanojia & Debmalya Roy

  2. Janta Maha Vidyalaya (CSJM University), Ajitmal, Auraiya, 206121, India

    Sudeepa Devi & Upendra K. Tripathi

  3. DMSRDE, DRDO, GT Road, Kanpur, 208013, India

    N. Eswara Prasad

Authors
  1. Sudeepa Devi
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  5. Debmalya Roy
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Contributions

DR conceptualized and designed the research; UKT and SD have been supervised and carried out the experiments; acquisition of data was carried out by SK and SS; and SD, SS, SK, UKT, DR and NEP analyzed, interpreted the data, drafted and finalised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Debmalya Roy.

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Devi, S., Singh, S., Kanojia, S. et al. Dynamics of fullerenes confined in nanotube: Temperature-modulated Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction studies. Eur. Phys. J. D 75, 81 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/s10053-021-00099-3

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