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Simulating lattice gauge theories within quantum technologies

The European Physical Journal D volume 74, Article number: 165 (2020) Cite this article

Abstract

Lattice gauge theories, which originated from particle physics in the context of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), provide an important intellectual stimulus to further develop quantum information technologies. While one long-term goal is the reliable quantum simulation of currently intractable aspects of QCD itself, lattice gauge theories also play an important role in condensed matter physics and in quantum information science. In this way, lattice gauge theories provide both motivation and a framework for interdisciplinary research towards the development of special purpose digital and analog quantum simulators, and ultimately of scalable universal quantum computers. In this manuscript, recent results and new tools from a quantum science approach to study lattice gauge theories are reviewed. Two new complementary approaches are discussed: first, tensor network methods are presented – a classical simulation approach – applied to the study of lattice gauge theories together with some results on Abelian and non-Abelian lattice gauge theories. Then, recent proposals for the implementation of lattice gauge theory quantum simulators in different quantum hardware are reported, e.g., trapped ions, Rydberg atoms, and superconducting circuits. Finally, the first proof-of-principle trapped ions experimental quantum simulations of the Schwinger model are reviewed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany

    Mari Carmen Bañuls & Juan Ignacio Cirac

  2. Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, 80799, Muenchen, Germany

    Mari Carmen Bañuls & Juan Ignacio Cirac

  3. Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Rainer Blatt, Alessio Celi, Christine A. Muschik & Peter Zoller

  4. Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Rainer Blatt

  5. LENS and Dip. di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy

    Jacopo Catani & Leonardo Fallani

  6. CNR-INO, S.S. Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy

    Jacopo Catani & Leonardo Fallani

  7. INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy

    Jacopo Catani & Leonardo Fallani

  8. Departament de Fisica, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Spain

    Alessio Celi & Maciej Lewenstein

  9. SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136, Trieste, Italy

    Marcello Dalmonte

  10. Abdus Salam ICTP, Strada Costiera 11, I-34151, Trieste, Italy

    Marcello Dalmonte

  11. NIC, DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738, Zeuthen, Germany

    Karl Jansen

  12. ICFO – Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain

    Maciej Lewenstein

  13. ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain

    Maciej Lewenstein

  14. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università degli Studi di Padova, I-35131, Padova, Italy

    Simone Montangero

  15. INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131, Padova, Italy

    Simone Montangero

  16. School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel

    Benni Reznik

  17. Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain

    Enrique Rico

  18. IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, E-48013, Bilbao, Spain

    Enrique Rico

  19. Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica and Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain

    Luca Tagliacozzo

  20. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S9, 9000, Gent, Belgium

    Karel Van Acoleyen & Frank Verstraete

  21. Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngaße 5, 1090, Vienna, Austria

    Frank Verstraete

  22. Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstraße 5, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland

    Uwe-Jens Wiese

  23. Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0WA, UK

    Matthew Wingate

  24. Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland

    Jakub Zakrzewski

  25. Mark Kac Complex Systems Research Center, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland

    Jakub Zakrzewski

Authors
  1. Mari Carmen Bañuls
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  2. Rainer Blatt
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  3. Jacopo Catani
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  4. Alessio Celi
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  5. Juan Ignacio Cirac
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  6. Marcello Dalmonte
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  7. Leonardo Fallani
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  8. Karl Jansen
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  9. Maciej Lewenstein
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  10. Simone Montangero
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  11. Christine A. Muschik
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  12. Benni Reznik
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  13. Enrique Rico
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  14. Luca Tagliacozzo
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  15. Karel Van Acoleyen
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  16. Frank Verstraete
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  17. Uwe-Jens Wiese
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  18. Matthew Wingate
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  19. Jakub Zakrzewski
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  20. Peter Zoller
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Simone Montangero.

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Bañuls, M.C., Blatt, R., Catani, J. et al. Simulating lattice gauge theories within quantum technologies. Eur. Phys. J. D 74, 165 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2020-100571-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2020-100571-8

Keywords

  • Quantum Information