Abstract
Reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution (RFI-QKD) can generate secure keys even when the reference frames drift slowly. Here, we propose a new scheme on the decoy-state RFI-QKD, where the basis assignments of two legitimate parties are biased, reducing the fraction of mismatched-basis data. Considering statistical fluctuations under different misalignments of reference frames, we originally investigate the performance of biased decoy-state RFI-QKD with full parameter optimization. We also make a clear comparison between the new scheme with other practical schemes, e.g., unbiased decoy-state RFI-QKD and biased decoy-state BB84-QKD. Simulation results demonstrate that, the new proposed biased decoy-state RFI-QKD can significantly improve the performance (secret key rate and secure transmission distance), which shows great potential in real-life QKD systems.
Graphical abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
H.K. Lo, H.F. Chau, Science 283, 2050 (1999)
P.W. Shor, J. Preskill, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 441 (2000)
D. Mayers, J. ACM 48, 351 (2001)
C.H. Bennett, G. Brassard, Quantum cryptography: public key distribution and coin tossing, in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing (New York, 1984), pp. 175–179
D. Bruß, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3018 (1998)
W.Y. Hwang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 057901 (2003)
X.B. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 230503 (2005)
H.K. Lo, X. Ma, K. Chen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 230504 (2005)
Y. Adachi, T. Yamamoto, M. Koashi, N. Imoto, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 180503 (2007)
M. Tomamichel, C.C.W. Lim, N. Gisin, R. Renner, Nat. Commun. 3, 634 (2012)
H.-K. Lo, M. Curty, B. Qi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 130503 (2012)
M. Sasaki, M. Fujiwara, H. Ishizuka, W. Klaus, K. Wakui, M. Takeoka, S. Miki, T. Yamashita, Z. Wang, A. Tanaka, K. Yoshino, Y. Nambu, S. Takahashi, A. Tajima, A. Tomita, T. Domeki, T. Hasegawa, Y. Sakai, H. Kobayashi, T. Asai, K. Shimizu, T. Tokura, T. Tsurumaru, M. Matsui, T. Honjo, K. Tamaki, H. Takesue, Y. Tokura, J. Dynes, A. Dixon, A. Sharpe, Z. Yuan, A. Shields, S. Uchikoga, M. Legr, S. Robyr, P. Trinkler, L. Monat, J. Page, G. Ribordy, A. Poppe, A. Allacher, O. Maurhart, T. Länger, M. Peev, A. Zeilinger, Opt. Express. 19, 10387 (2011)
A. Rubenok, J.A. Slater, P. Chan, I. Lucio-Martinez, W. Tittel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 130501 (2013)
B. Fröhlich, J.F. Dynes, M. Lucamarini, A.W. Sharpe, Z. Yuan, A.J. Shields, Nature 501, 69 (2013)
J.Y. Wang, B. Yang, S.K. Liao, L. Zhang, Q. Shen, X.F. Hu, J.C. Wu, S.J. Yang, H. Jiang, Y.L. Tang, B. Zhong, H. Liang, W.Y. Liu, Y.H. Hu, Y.M. Huang, B. Qi, J.G. Ren, G.S. Pan, J. Yin, J.J. Jia, Y.A. Chen, K. Chen, C.Z. Peng, J.W. Pan, Nature Photon. 7, 387 (2013)
S. Nauerth, F. Moll, M. Rau, C. Fuchs, J. Horwath, S. Frick, H. Weinfurter, Nature Photon. 7, 382 (2013)
S. Wang, Z.Q. Yin, W. Chen, D.Y. He, X.T. Song, H.W. Li, L.J. Zhang, Z. Zhou, G.C. Guo, Z.F. Han, Nature Photon. 9, 832 (2015)
H.L. Yin, T.Y. Chen, Z.W. Yu, H. Liu, L.X. You, Y.H. Zhou, S.J. Chen, Y. Mao, M.Q. Huang, W.J. Zhang, H. Chen, M.J. Li, D. Nolan, F. Zhou, X. Jiang, Z. Wang, Q. Zhang, X.B. Wang, J.W. Pan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 190501 (2016)
G. Brassard, N. Lütkenhaus, T. Mor, B.C. Sanders, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1330 (2000)
N. Lütkenhaus, Phys. Rev. A 61, 052304 (2000)
N. Lütkenhaus, M. Jahma, New J. Phys. 4, 44.1 (2002)
A. Laing, V. Scarani, J.G. Rarity, J.L. OBrien, Phys. Rev. A 82, 012304 (2010)
C. Wang, X.T. Song, Z.Q. Yin, S. Wang, W. Chen, C.M. Zhang, G.C. Guo, Z.F. Han, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 160502 (2015)
W.Y. Liang, S. Wang, H.W. Li, Z.Q. Yin, W. Chen, Y. Yao, J.Z. Huang, G.C. Guo, Z.F. Han, Sci. Rep. 4, 03617 (2014)
C. Wang, S.H. Sun, X.C. Ma, G.Z. Tang, L.M. Liang, Phys. Rev. A 92, 042319 (2015)
Z.Q. Yin, S. Wang, W. Chen, H.W. Li, G.C. Guo, Z.F. Han, Quantum Inf. Process. 13, 1237 (2014)
P. Zhang, K. Aungskunsiri, E. Martn-Lpez, J. Wabnig, M. Lobino, R.W. Nock, J. Munns, D. Bonneau, P. Jiang, H.W. Li, A. Laing, J.G. Rarity, A.O. Niskanen, M.G. Thompson, J.L. OBrien, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 130501 (2014)
J. Wabnig, D. Bitauld, H.W. Li, A. Laing, J.L. OBrien, A.O. Niskanen, Niskanen, A.O, New. J. Phys. 15, 073001 (2013)
H.K. Lo, H.F. Chau, M. Ardehali, J. Cryptol. 18, 133 (2005)
F. Xu, H. Xu, H.K. Lo, Phys. Rev. A 89, 052333 (2014)
X. Ma, B. Qi, Y. Zhao, H.K. Lo, Phys. Rev. A 72, 012326 (2005)
D. Gottesman, H.-K. Lo, N. Lütkenhaus, J. Preskill, Quantum Inf. Comput. 4, 325 (2004)
T. Sasaki, Y. Yamamoto, M. Koashi, Nature 509, 475 (2014)
Z.Q. Yin, C.H.F. Fung, X. Ma, C.M. Zhang, H.W. Li, W. Chen, S. Wang, G.C. Guo, Z.F. Han, Phys. Rev. A 90, 052319 (2014)
S.P. Boyd, L. Vandenberghe, Convex optimization (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004)
Q. Wang, C.H. Zhang, X.B. Wang, Phys. Rev. A 93, 032312 (2016)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhu, J., Zhang, C. & Wang, Q. Biased decoy-state reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution. Eur. Phys. J. D 71, 319 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2017-80219-2
Received:
Revised:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2017-80219-2