Abstract.
We explore how to cool collective atomic excitations in an optically-driven three-level atomic ensemble, which may be described by a model of two coupled harmonic oscillators (HOs) with a time-dependent coupling. Moreover, the model of two coupled HOs is further generalized to address the resolved sideband cooling issues, where the lower-frequency HO can be cooled whenever the cooling process dominates over the heating one during the sideband transitions. Unusually, due to the absence of the heating process, the optimal result for cooling collective excitations in an atomic ensemble could break the standard resolved sideband cooling limit for general models of two coupled HOs.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Fleischhauer, M.D. Lukin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5094 (2000)
M. Fleischhauer, M.D. Lukin, Phys. Rev. A 65, 022314 (2002)
K.-J. Boller, A. Imamoglu, S.E. Harris, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2593 (1991)
S.E. Harris, Phys. Today 50, 36 (1997)
M. Xiao, Y.-Q. Li, S.-Z. Jin, J. Gea-Banacloche, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 666 (1995)
H. Wu, J. Gea-Banacloche, M. Xiao, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 173602 (2008)
C.P. Sun, Y. Li, X.F. Liu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 147903 (2003)
Y. Li, C.P. Sun, Phys. Rev. A 69, 051802R (2004)
M. Fleischhauer, A. Imamoglu, J.P. Marangos, Rev. Mod. Phys. 77, 633 (2005)
L.-M. Duan, M.D. Lukin, J.I. Cirac, P. Zoller, Nature 414, 413 (2001)
A. Kuzmich, W.P. Bowen, A.D. Boozer, A. Boca, C.W. Chou, L.M. Duan, H.J. Kimble, Nature 423, 731 (2003)
C.-W. Chou, J. Laurat, H. Deng, K. S. Choi, H. de Riedmatten, D. Felinto, H. J. Kimble, Science 316, 1316 (2007)
S. Chen, Y.-A. Chen, T. Strassel, Z.-S. Yuan, B. Zhao, J. Schmiedmayer, J.-W. Pan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 173004 (2006)
B. Julsgaard, J. Sherson, J. I. Cirac, J. Fiurásek, E. S. Polzik, Nature 432, 482 (2004)
M.D. Eisaman, A. André, F. Massou, M. Fleischhauer, A.S. Zibrov, M.D. Lukin, Nature 438, 837 (2005)
C. Liu, Z. Dutton, C.H. Behroozi, L.V. Hau, Nature 409, 490 (2001)
B. Zhao, Z.B. Chen, Y.A. Chen, J. Schmiedmayer, J.W. Pan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 240502 (2007)
A. Kastler, Nobel Lecture: Optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances (1966)
W. Happer, Rev. Mod. Phys. 44, 169 (1972)
A.N. Cleland, M.L. Roukes, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 2653 (1996)
X.M.H. Huang, C.A. Zorman, M. Mehregany, M.L. Roukes, Nature 421, 496 (2003)
I. Wilson-Rae, P. Zoller, A. Imamou, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 075507 (2004)
P. Zhang, Y.D. Wang, C.P. Sun, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 097204 (2005)
A. Naik, O. Buu, M.D. LaHaye, A.D. Armour, A.A. Clerk, M.P. Blencowe, K.C. Schwab, Nature 443, 193 (2006)
C.H. Metzger, K. Karrai, Nature 432, 1002 (2004)
S. Gigan, H.R. Böhm, M. Paternostro, F. Blaser, G. Langer, J.B. Hertzberg, K. C. Schwab, D. Bäuerle, M. Aspelmeyer, A. Zeilinger, Nature 444, 67 (2006)
O. Arcizet, P.-F. Cohadon, T. Briant, M. Pinard, A. Heidmann, Nature 444, 71 (2006)
I. Wilson-Rae, N. Nooshi, W. Zwerger, T.J. Kippenberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 093901 (2007)
T.J. Kippenberg, K.J. Vahala, Opt. Express 15, 17172 (2007)
F. Marquardt, J.P. Chen, A.A. Clerk, S. M. Girvin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 093902 (2007)
F. Marquardt, A.A. Clerk, S.M. Girvin, J. Mod. Opt. 55, 3329 (2008)
C. Genes, D. Vitali, P. Tombesi, S. Gigan, M. Aspelmeyer, Phys. Rev. A 77, 033804 (2008)
Y. Li, Y.-D. Wang, F. Xue, C. Bruder, Phys. Rev. B 78, 134301 (2008)
M. Grajcar, S. Ashhab, J.R. Johansson, Franco Nori, Phys. Rev. B 78, 035406 (2008)
P. Rabl, C. Genes, K. Hammerer, M. Aspelmeyer, Phys. Rev. A 80, 063819 (2009)
S. Gröblacher, K. Hammerer, M.R. Vanner, M. Aspelmeyer, Nature 460, 724 (2009)
M.D. LaHaye, O. Buu, B. Camarota, K.C. Schwab, Science 304, 74 (2004)
F. Diedrich, J.C. Bergquist, W.M. Itano, D.J. Wineland, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 403 (1989)
C. Monroe, D.M. Meekhof, B.E. King, S.R. Jefferts, W.M. Itano, D.J. Wineland, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4011 (1995)
S.E. Hamann, D.L. Haycock, G. Klose, P.H. Pax, I.H. Deutsch, P.S. Jessen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4149 (1998)
G.R. Jin, P. Zhang, Y.-X. Liu, C.P. Sun, Phys. Rev. B 68, 134301 (2003)
M.O. Scully, M.S. Zubairy, Quantum Optics (Cambridge Univercity Press, New York, 1997), Chap. 9
A. Mosk, S. Kraft, M. Mudrich, K. Singer, W. Wohlleben, R. Grimm, M. Weidemüller, Appl. Phys. B 73, 791 (2001)
S. Chu, Science 253, 861 (1991)
C.S. Wood, S.C. Bennett, D. Cho, B.P. Masterson, J.L. Roberts, C.E. Tanner, C.E. Wieman, Science 275, 1759 (1997)
H. Ian, Z.R. Gong, C.P. Sun, Front. Phys. China 3, 294 (2008)
L. Tian, Phys. Rev. B 79, 193407 (2009)
K. Jacobs, H.I. Nurdin, F.W. Strauch, M. James, e-print: arXiv:1003.2653 (2010)
F. Schmidt-kaler, J. Eschner, G. Morigi, C.F. Roos, D. Leibfried, A. Mundt, R. Blatt, Appl. Phys. B 73, 807 (2001)
G. Morigi, J. Eschner, C.H. Keitel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 4458 (2000)
K. Xia, J. Evers, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 227203 (2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, Y., Wang, Z. & Sun, C. Optically-driven cooling for collective atomic excitations. Eur. Phys. J. D 61, 215–220 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2010-10353-2
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2010-10353-2