Abstract
We explore the potential of net-baryon, net-proton and net-charge kurtosis measurements to investigate the properties of hot and dense matter created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Contrary to calculations in a grand-canonical ensemble we explicitly take into account exact electric and baryon charge conservation on an event-by-event basis. This drastically limits the width of baryon fluctuations. A simple model to account for this is to assume a grand-canonical distribution with a sharp cut-off at the tails. We present baseline predictions of the energy dependence of the net-baryon, net-proton and net-charge kurtosis for central (b≤2.75 fm) Pb+Pb/Au+Au collisions from E lab=2A GeV to \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200~\mbox{GeV}\) from the UrQMD model. While the net-charge kurtosis is compatible with values around zero, the net-baryon number decreases to large negative values with decreasing beam energy. The net-proton kurtosis becomes only slightly negative for low \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}\).
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Acknowledgements
The authors like to thank Nu Xu and Michael Hauer for fruitful discussions. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), as well as by the Hessian LOEWE initiative through HIC for FAIR. We are also grateful to the Center for Scientific Computing (CSC) at Frankfurt for providing the computing resources. M. Nahrgang gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Stiftung Polytechnische Gesellschaft Frankfurt and T. Schuster is grateful for support from the Helmholtz Research School on Quark Matter Studies. Moreover, this work was supported by GSI, BMBF and DESY.
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Nahrgang, M., Schuster, T., Mitrovski, M. et al. Net-baryon-, net-proton-, and net-charge kurtosis in heavy-ion collisions within a relativistic transport approach. Eur. Phys. J. C 72, 2143 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-012-2143-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-012-2143-6