Abstract
The energy-dependence of charged particle mean multiplicity and pseudorapidity density at midrapidity measured in nucleus–nucleus and (anti)proton–proton collisions are studied in the entire available energy range. The study is performed using a model, which considers the multiparticle production process according to the dissipating energy of the participants and their types, namely a combination of the constituent quark picture together with Landau relativistic hydrodynamics. The model reveals interrelations between the variables under study measured in nucleus–nucleus and nucleon–nucleon collisions. Measurements in nuclear reactions are shown to be well reproduced by the measurements in pp/\({\bar{\mathrm{p}}}{\mathrm{p}}\) interactions and the corresponding fits are presented. Different observations in other types of collisions are discussed in the framework of the proposed model. Predictions are made for measurements at the forthcoming LHC energies.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
W. Kittel, E.A. De Wolf, Soft Multihadron Dynamics (World Scientific, Singapore, 2005), p. 652
J. Manjavidze, A. Sissakian, Phys. Rep. 346, 1 (2001)
I.M. Dremin, J.W. Gary, Phys. Rep. 349, 301 (2001)
PHOBOS Collab., B.B. Back et al., Phys. Rev. C 74, 021902 (2006). nucl-ex/0301017
PHOBOS Collab., B.B. Back et al., Nucl. Phys. A 757, 28 (2005)
A. Białas, B. Bleszyński, W. Czyż, Nucl. Phys. B 111, 461 (1976)
A. Białas, W. Czyż, Acta Phys. Pol. B 36, 905 (2005)
UA5 Collab., G.J. Alner et al., Z. Phys. C 33, 1 (1986)
CDF Collab., F. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. D 41, 2330 (1990)
PHOBOS Collab., B.B. Back et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3100 (2000)
PHENIX Collab., K. Adcox et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3500 (2001)
PHOBOS Collab., B.B. Back et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 102303 (2001)
PHOBOS Collab., B.B. Back et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 022302 (2002)
PHOBOS Collab., B.B. Back et al., Phys. Rev. C 65, 061901 (2002)
PHENIX Collab., S.S. Adler et al., Phys. Rev. C 71, 049901 (2005). Erratum: ibid 71, 034908 (2005)
A. Milov (for the PHENIX Collab.), J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 5, 17 (2005)
PHENIX Collab., K. Adcox et al., Nucl. Phys. A 757, 184 (2005)
BRAHMS Collab., I. Arsene et al., Nucl. Phys. A 757, 1 (2005)
B.B. Back et al., Phys. Rev. C 72, 031901 (2005)
E.K.G. Sarkisyan, A.S. Sakharov, AIP Conf. Proc. 828, 35 (2005). hep-ph/0410324
L.D. Landau, Izv. Akad. Nauk: Ser. Fiz. 17, 51 (1953). English translation: Collected Papers of L.D. Landau, ed. by D. Ter-Haarp (Pergamon, Oxford, 1965), p. 569. Reprinted in: Quark-Gluon Plasma: Theoretical Foundations, ed. by J. Kapusta, B. Müller, J. Rafelski (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2003), p. 283
S.Z. Belenkij, L.D. Landau, Phys. Uspekhi 56, 309 (1955). English translation: Collected Papers of L.D. Landau, p. 665, and Nuovo Cimento, Suppl. 3, 15 (1956)
E.L. Feinberg, in Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics, ed. by L.P. Csernai, D.D. Strottman. Int. Rev. Nucl. Phys., vol. 6 (World Scientific, Singapore, 1991), p 341, and refs. therein
P.A. Carruthers, M. Duong-van, Phys. Rev. D 8, 859 (1973)
P. Steinberg, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 9, 280 (2005)
P. Steinberg, Nucl. Phys. A 752, 423c (2005)
W. Busza, Acta Phys. Pol. B 35, 2873 (2004)
W. Busza, J. Phys. G 35, 044040 (2008)
W. Busza, Nucl. Phys. A 830, 35c (2009)
M.-A. Sanchis-Lozano, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 24, 4529 (2009)
BRAHMS Collab., I.G. Bearden et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 202301 (2002)
B.B. Back et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 052303 (2003)
BRAHMS Collab., I.G. Bearden et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 162301 (2005)
J. Benecke, T.T. Chou, C.N. Yang, E. Yen, Phys. Rev. 188, 2159 (1969)
J.D. Bjorken, Phys. Rev. D 27, 140 (1983)
For reviews, see: V.V. Anisovich, N.M. Kobrinsky, J. Nyiri, Yu.M. Shabelsky, Quark Model and High Energy Collisions (World Scientific, Singapore, 2004).
J. Nyiri, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 18, 2403 (2003)
M. Basile et al., Nuovo Cimento A 66, 129 (1981)
M. Basile et al., Nuovo Cimento A 73, 329 (1983)
S. Eremin, S. Voloshin, Phys. Rev. C 67, 064905 (2003)
Estimated in [15] from: FOPI Collab., W. Reisdorf et al., Nucl. Phys. A 612, 493 (1997)
E802 Collab., L. Ahle et al., Phys. Rev. C 59, 2173 (1999)
E917 Collab., B.B. Back et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1970 (2001)
F. Ceretto (for the CERES/NA45 Collab.), Nucl. Phys. A 638, 467c (1998)
F. Siklér (for the NA49 Collab.), Nucl. Phys. A 661, 45c (1999)
PHOBOS Collab., B.B. Back et al., Phys. Rev. C 70, 021902(R) (2004)
PHOBOS Collab., B.B. Back et al., Phys. Rev. C 74, 021901(R) (2006)
B. Alver et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 142301 (2009)
PHOBOS Collab., B. Alver et al., Phys. Rev. C 80, 011901(R) (2009)
STAR Collab., C. Adler et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 112303 (2001)
STAR Collab., B.I. Abelev et al., Phys. Rev. C 79, 034909 (2009)
STAR Collab., B.I. Abelev et al., Phys. Rev. C 81, 024911 (2010)
L. Kumar (for the STAR Collab.), J. Phys. G 36, 064066 (2009)
R. Nouicer, AIP Conf. Proc. 828, 11 (2005)
R. Nouicer, AIP Conf. Proc. 842, 86 (2006)
R. Nouicer, arXiv:0901.0910 [nucl-ex]
ALICE Collab., K. Aamondt et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 68, 89 (2010)
CMS Collab., V. Khachatryan et al., JHEP 02, 041 (2010)
UA5 Collab., G.J. Alner et al., Phys. Rep. 154, 247 (1987)
W. Thomé et al., Nucl. Phys. B 129, 365 (1977)
ATLAS Collab., G. Aad et al., Phys. Lett. B 688, 21 (2010)
ALICE Collab., K. Aamondt et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 68, 345 (2010)
J. Whitmore et al., Phys. Rep. 10C, 273 (1974)
W.M. Morse et al., Phys. Rev. D 15, 66 (1977)
A. Iordanova (for the PHOBOS Collab.), Czech. J. Phys. 56, A39 (2006)
B.B. Back (for the PHOBOS Collab.), nucl-ex/0604017
G.S.F. Stephans (for the PHOBOS Collab.), 0705.3859 [nucl-ex]
NA49 Collab., S.V. Afanasiev et al., Phys. Rev. C 66, 054902 (2002)
E895 Collab.: J.L. Klay, PhD thesis (U.C. Davis, 2001), see [4]
HADES Collab., G. Agakishev et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 40, 45 (2009)
C.S. Lindsey, Nucl. Phys. A 544, 343c (1992)
J.F. Grosse-Oetringhaus, K. Reygers, J. Phys. G 37, 083001 (2010)
UA5 Collab., R.E. Ansorge et al., Z. Phys. C 43, 357 (1989)
V.V. Ammosov et al., Phys. Lett. B 42, 519 (1972)
C. Bromberg et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 31, 254 (1974)
E. De Wolf, J.J. Dumont, F. Verbeure, Nucl. Phys. B 87, 325 (1975)
A. Moraes, C. Buttar, I. Dawson, Eur. Phys. J. C 50, 435 (2007)
N. Armesto, in Quark-Gluon Plasma 4, ed. by R.C. Hwa, X.-N. Wang (World Scientific, Singapore, 2010), p. 375. arXiv:0903.1330 [hep-ph]
M. Mitrovski et al., Phys. Rev. C 79, 044901 (2009)
R. Nouicer, Eur. Phys. J. C 49, 281 (2007)
A. Białas, A. Bzdak, Phys. Rev. C 77, 034908 (2008)
P.K. Netrakanti, B. Mohanty, Phys. Rev. C 70, 027901 (2004)
B. Alver et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 212301 (2006)
G.A. Milekhin, Sov. Phys. JETP 35, 829 (1959)
E.V. Shuryak, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 20, 295 (1974)
A. Bialas, R.A. Janik, R. Peschanski, Phys. Rev. C 76, 054901 (2007)
L.M. Satarov, I.N. Mishustin, A.V. Merdeev, H. Stöcker, Phys. Rev. C 75, 024903 (2007)
L.M. Satarov, I.N. Mishustin, A.V. Merdeev, H. Stöcker, Phys. Atom. Nucl. 70, 1773 (2007)
Ch.-Y. Wong, Phys. Rev. C 78, 054902 (2008). arXiv:0809.0517 [nucl-th]
T. Mizoguchi, H. Miyazawa, M. Biyajima, Eur. Phys. J. A 40, 99 (2009)
M. Zétényi, L.P. Csernai, Phys. Rev. C 81, 044908 (2010)
S. Bondarenko, E. Levin, Eur. Phys. J. C 51, 659 (2007)
A. Bialas, J. Phys. G 35, 044053 (2008)
F.-H. Liu, Nucl. Phys. A 801, 154 (2008)
F.-H. Liu, Nucl. Phys. A 810, 159 (2008)
B. De, S. Bhattacharyya, Phys. Rev. C 71, 024903 (2005)
PHOBOS Collab., B. Alver et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 24302 (2007)
P. Steinberg, Nucl. Phys. A 827, 128c (2009)
W. Ochs, V.A. Khoze, M.G. Ryskin, Eur. Phys. J. C 68, 141 (2010)
H. Caines, Eur. Phys. J. C 49, 297 (2007)
G. Torrieri, Phys. Rev. C 76, 024903 (2007)
P.V. Chliapnikov, V.A. Uvarov, Phys. Lett. B 251, 192 (1990)
T.F. Hoang, Z. Phys. C 62, 481 (1994)
I.M. Dremin, J.W. Gary, Phys. Lett. B 459, 341 (1999)
A. Capella et al., Phys. Rev. D 61, 074009 (2000). For review see: I.M. Dremin, J.W. Gary [3]
ALEPH Collab., A. Heister et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 35, 457 (2004)
CMS Collab., V. Khachatryan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 022002 (2010)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Sarkisyan, E.K.G., Sakharov, A.S. Relating multihadron production in hadronic and nuclear collisions. Eur. Phys. J. C 70, 533–541 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1493-1
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1493-1