Abstract
In this paper we describe \(\mathsf{Herwig++}\) version 2.2, a general-purpose Monte Carlo event generator for the simulation of hard lepton-lepton and hadron-hadron collisions. A number of important hard scattering processes are available, together with an interface via the Les Houches Accord to specialized matrix element generators for additional processes. The simulation of Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics includes a range of models and allows new models to be added by encoding the Feynman rules of the model. The parton-shower approach is used to simulate initial- and final-state QCD radiation, including colour coherence effects, with special emphasis on the correct description of radiation from heavy particles. The underlying event is simulated using an eikonal multiple parton-parton scattering model. The formation of hadrons from the quarks and gluons produced in the parton shower is described using the cluster hadronization model. Hadron decays are simulated using matrix elements, where possible including spin correlations and off-shell effects.
References
G. Marchesini, B.R. Webber, Nucl. Phys. B 38, 1 (1984)
B.R. Webber, Nucl. Phys. B 238, 492 (1984)
G. Marchesini, B.R. Webber, Nucl. Phys. B 310, 461 (1988)
G. Marchesini et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 67, 465 (1992)
G. Corcella et al., J. High Energy Phys. 01, 010 (2001), hep-ph/0011363
G. Corcella et al. (2002), hep-ph/0210213
G. Marchesini, B.R. Webber, Nucl. Phys. B 330, 261 (1990)
M. Bähr, S. Gieseke, M.H. Seymour (2008), arXiv:0803.3633 [hep-ph]
S. Gieseke, A. Ribon, M.H. Seymour, P. Stephens, B. Webber, J. High Energy Phys. 02, 005 (2004), hep-ph/0311208
T. Sjöstrand, S. Mrenna, P. Skands (2007), arXiv:0710.3820 [hep-ph]
L. Lönnblad, Comput. Phys. Commun. 71, 15 (1992)
L. Lönnblad, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 559, 246 (2006)
T. Gleisberg et al., J. High Energy Phys. 02, 056 (2004), hep-ph/0311263
O. Latunde-Dada, S. Gieseke, B. Webber, J. High Energy Phys. 02, 051 (2007), hep-ph/0612281
O. Latunde-Dada (2007), arXiv:0708.4390 [hep-ph]
J.M. Butterworth, J.R. Forshaw, M.H. Seymour, Z. Phys. C 72, 637 (1996), hep-ph/9601371
S. Gieseke, P. Stephens, B. Webber, J. High Energy Phys. 12, 045 (2003), hep-ph/0310083
S. Gieseke, J. High Energy Phys. 01, 058 (2005), hep-ph/0412342
K. Hamilton, P. Richardson, J. High Energy Phys. 07, 010 (2006), hep-ph/0603034
K. Hamilton, P. Richardson, J. High Energy Phys. 02, 069 (2007), hep-ph/0612236
M. Gigg, P. Richardson, Eur. Phys. J. C 51, 989 (2007), hep-ph/0703199
D. Grellscheid, P. Richardson (2007), arXiv:0710.1951 [hep-ph]
S. Gieseke, M.H. Seymour, A. Siódmok (2007), arXiv:0712.1199 [hep-ph]
P. Richardson, J. High Energy Phys. 11, 029 (2001), hep-ph/0110108
I.G. Knowles, Nucl. Phys. B 310, 571 (1988)
I.G. Knowles, Comput. Phys. Commun. 58, 271 (1990)
J.C. Collins, Nucl. Phys. B 304, 794 (1988)
E. Boos et al. (2001), hep-ph/0109068
J. Alwall et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 176, 300 (2007), hep-ph/0609017
D.R. Yennie, S.C. Frautschi, H. Suura, Ann. Phys. 13, 379 (1961)
M.H. Seymour, Phys. Lett. B 354, 409 (1995), hep-ph/9505211
H. Murayama, I. Watanabe, K. Hagiwara (1992), KEK-91-11
P. Skands et al., J. High Energy Phys. 07, 036 (2004), hep-ph/0311123
W.M. Yao et al. (Particle Data Group), J. Phys. G 33, 1 (2006)
L. Randall, R. Sundrum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 3370 (1999), hep-ph/9905221
D. Hooper, S. Profumo, Phys. Rep. 453, 29 (2007), hep-ph/0701197
H.C. Cheng, K.T. Matchev, M. Schmaltz, Phys. Rev. D 66, 036005 (2002), hep-ph/0204342
A. Bassetto, M. Ciafaloni, G. Marchesini, A.H. Mueller, Nucl. Phys. B 207, 189 (1982)
A. Bassetto, M. Ciafaloni, G. Marchesini, Phys. Rep. 100, 201 (1983)
S. Catani, M. Ciafaloni, Nucl. Phys. B 236, 61 (1984)
M. Ciafaloni, Phys. Lett. B 95, 113 (1980)
M. Ciafaloni, Lectures given at Summer Workshop on High Energy Physics, Trieste, Italy, Aug. 1981
Y.L. Dokshitzer, V.A. Khoze, S.I. Troian, Adv. Ser. Direct. High Energy Phys. 5, 241 (1988)
A.H. Mueller, Phys. Lett. B 104, 161 (1981)
B.I. Ermolaev, V.S. Fadin, JETP Lett. 33, 269 (1981)
Y.L. Dokshitzer, V.S. Fadin, V.A. Khoze, Phys. Lett. B 115, 242 (1982)
S. Catani, S. Dittmaier, Z. Trócsányi, Phys. Lett. B 500, 149 (2001), hep-ph/0011222
R.K. Ellis, W.J. Stirling, B.R. Webber, Camb. Monogr. Part. Phys. Nucl. Phys. Cosmol. 8, 1 (1996)
S. Catani, B.R. Webber, G. Marchesini, Nucl. Phys. B 349, 635 (1991)
S. Frixione, P. Nason, C. Oleari, J. High Energy Phys. 11, 070 (2007), arXiv:0709.2092 [hep-ph]
R. Bonciani, S. Catani, M.L. Mangano, P. Nason, Phys. Lett. B 575, 268 (2003), hep-ph/0307035
M. Cacciari, G. Corcella, A.D. Mitov, J. High Energy Phys. 12, 015 (2002), hep-ph/0209204
H.K. Dreiner, P. Richardson, M.H. Seymour, J. High Energy Phys. 04, 008 (2000), hep-ph/9912407
M.J. Gibbs, B.R. Webber, Comput. Phys. Commun. 90, 369 (1995), hep-ph/9504232
T. Sjöstrand, S. Mrenna, P. Skands, J. High Energy Phys. 05, 026 (2006), hep-ph/0603175
T. Sjöstrand, Phys. Lett. B 157, 321 (1985)
A. Bassetto, G. Nardelli, R. Soldati, Yang–Mills Theories in Algebraic Non-covariant Gauges (World Scientific, Singapore, 1991), p. 227
M. Dalbosco, Phys. Lett. B 180, 121 (1986)
D. Amati, A. Bassetto, M. Ciafaloni, G. Marchesini, G. Veneziano, Nucl. Phys. B 173, 429 (1980)
D. Amati, G. Veneziano, Phys. Lett. B 83, 87 (1979)
S. Catani, M.H. Seymour, Nucl. Phys. B 485, 291 (1997), hep-ph/9605323
G. Curci, M. Greco, Phys. Lett. B 92, 175 (1980)
G. Curci, M. Greco, Phys. Lett. B 102, 280 (1981)
M.H. Seymour, Comput. Phys. Commun. 90, 95 (1995), hep-ph/9410414
A. Kupčo (1999), hep-ph/9906412
W. Kilian, T. Plehn, P. Richardson, E. Schmidt, Eur. Phys. J. C 39, 229 (2005), hep-ph/0408088
G.J. Alner et al. (UA5), Nucl. Phys. B 291, 445 (1987)
L. Durand, P. Hong, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 303 (1987)
L. Durand, H. Pi, Phys. Rev. D 40, 1436 (1989)
D. Grellscheid, K. Hamilton, P. Richardson, in preparation
D.J. Lange, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 462, 152 (2001)
V.V. Kiselev (2003), hep-ph/0308214
T. Skwarnicki, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 19, 1030 (2004), hep-ph/0311243
E.J. Eichten, K. Lane, C. Quigg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 162002 (2002), hep-ph/0206018
W. Kwong, J.L. Rosner, Phys. Rev. D 38, 279 (1988)
S. Godfrey, J.L. Rosner, Phys. Rev. D 66, 014012 (2002), hep-ph/0205255
E.J. Eichten, C. Quigg, Phys. Rev. D 49, 5845 (1994), hep-ph/9402210
D. Ebert, R.N. Faustov, V.O. Galkin, Phys. Rev. D 67, 014027 (2003), hep-ph/0210381
W. Kwong, P.B. Mackenzie, R. Rosenfeld, J.L. Rosner, Phys. Rev. D 37, 3210 (1988)
W.A. Bardeen, E.J. Eichten, C.T. Hill, Phys. Rev. D 68, 054024 (2003), hep-ph/0305049
M. Di Pierro, E. Eichten, Phys. Rev. D 64, 114004 (2001), hep-ph/0104208
V.M. Abazov et al. (2007), arXiv:0705.3229 [hep-ex]
F. Filthaut (D0) (2007), arXiv:0705.0245 [hep-ex]
N. Brambilla et al. (2004), hep-ph/0412158
S. Godfrey, Phys. Rev. D 70, 054017 (2004), hep-ph/0406228
S.M. Flatté, Phys. Lett. B 63, 224 (1976)
S. Jadach, Z. Wa̧s, R. Decker, J.H. Kühn, Comput. Phys. Commun. 76, 361 (1993)
P. Golonka et al. (2003), hep-ph/0312240
J.H. Kühn, A. Santamaria, Z. Phys. C 48, 445 (1990)
G.J. Gounaris, J.J. Sakurai, Phys. Rev. Lett. 21, 244 (1968)
M. Finkemeier, E. Mirkes, Z. Phys. C 72, 619 (1996), hep-ph/9601275
R. Decker, E. Mirkes, R. Sauer, Z. Wa̧s, Z. Phys. C 58, 445 (1993)
D.M. Asner et al. (CLEO), Phys. Rev. D 61, 012002 (2000), hep-ex/9902022
M. Finkemeier, E. Mirkes, Z. Phys. C 69, 243 (1996), hep-ph/9503474
A.E. Bondar et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 146, 139 (2002), hep-ph/0201149
J.H. Kühn, Z. Wa̧s (2006), hep-ph/0602162
R. Kleiss, W.J. Stirling, Nucl. Phys. B 385, 413 (1992)
B.R. Holstein, Phys. Scripta T 99, 55 (2002), hep-ph/0112150
E.P. Venugopal, B.R. Holstein, Phys. Rev. D 57, 4397 (1998), hep-ph/9710382
N. Beisert, B. Borasoy, Nucl. Phys. A 716, 186 (2003), hep-ph/0301058
M. Gormley et al., Phys. Rev. D 2, 501 (1970)
W.B. Tippens et al. (Crystal Ball), Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 192001 (2001)
L.S. Brown, R.N. Cahn, Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 1 (1975)
J.Z. Bai et al. (BES), Phys. Rev. D 62, 032002 (2000), hep-ex/9909038
D. Cronin-Hennessy et al. (CLEO) (2007), arXiv:0706.2317 [hep-ex]
B. Aubert et al. (BABAR), Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 232001 (2006), hep-ex/0604031
N.E. Adam et al. (CLEO), Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 082004 (2006), hep-ex/0508023
A. Aloisio et al. (KLOE), Phys. Lett. B 561, 55 (2003), hep-ex/0303016
T. Han, J.D. Lykken, R.J. Zhang, Phys. Rev. D 59, 105006 (1999), hep-ph/9811350
A. Ore, J.L. Powell, Phys. Rev. 75, 1696 (1949)
P. Ball, R. Zwicky, Phys. Rev. D 71, 014015 (2005), hep-ph/0406232
P. Ball, R. Zwicky, Phys. Rev. D 71, 014029 (2005), hep-ph/0412079
I. Caprini, L. Lellouch, M. Neubert, Nucl. Phys. B 530, 153 (1998), hep-ph/9712417
B. Aubert et al. (BABAR) (2007), arXiv:0705.4008 [hep-ex]
A.E. Snyder (2007), hep-ex/0703035
N. Isgur, D. Scora, B. Grinstein, M.B. Wise, Phys. Rev. D 39, 799 (1989)
D. Scora, N. Isgur, Phys. Rev. D 52, 2783 (1995), hep-ph/9503486
N. Isgur, M.B. Wise, Phys. Rev. D 43, 819 (1991)
D. Scora, N. Isgur, Phys. Rev. D 40, 1491 (1989)
V.V. Kiselev (2002), hep-ph/0211021
D. Melikhov, Phys. Lett. B 380, 363 (1996), hep-ph/9603340
D. Melikhov, B. Stech, Phys. Rev. D 62, 014006 (2000), hep-ph/0001113
M. Wirbel, B. Stech, M. Bauer, Z. Phys. C 29, 637 (1985)
M. Bauer, B. Stech, M. Wirbel, Z. Phys. C 34, 103 (1987)
H. Muramatsu et al. (CLEO), Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 251802 (2002), hep-ex/0207067
S. Kopp et al. (CLEO), Phys. Rev. D 63, 092001 (2001), hep-ex/0011065
J.C. Anjos et al. (E691), Phys. Rev. D 48, 56 (1993)
A.L. Kagan, M. Neubert, Eur. Phys. J. C 7, 5 (1999), hep-ph/9805303
R. Brun, F. Rademakers, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 389, 81 (1997)
F. Maltoni, T. Stelzer, J. High Energy Phys. 02, 027 (2003), hep-ph/0208156
A.D. Martin, R.G. Roberts, W.J. Stirling, R.S. Thorne, Phys. Lett. B 531, 216 (2002), hep-ph/0201127
M.R. Whalley, D. Bourilkov (R.C. Group) (2005), hep-ph/0508110
R. Seuster et al. (Belle), Phys. Rev. D 73, 032002 (2006), hep-ex/0506068
M. Artuso et al. (CLEO), Phys. Rev. D 70, 112001 (2004), hep-ex/0402040
A. Heister et al. (ALEPH), Phys. Lett. B 512, 30 (2001), hep-ex/0106051
K. Abe et al. (SLD), Phys. Rev. D 65, 092006 (2002), hep-ex/0202031
A. Heister et al. (ALEPH), Eur. Phys. J. C 27, 1 (2003)
K. Abe et al. (SLD), Phys. Rev. D 59, 052001 (1999), hep-ex/9805029
R. Akers et al. (OPAL), Z. Phys. C 63, 181 (1994)
G. Alexander et al. (OPAL), Phys. Lett. B 358, 162 (1995)
G. Alexander et al. (OPAL), Z. Phys. C 73, 569 (1997)
K. Ackerstaff et al. (OPAL), Eur. Phys. J. C 4, 19 (1998), hep-ex/9802013
K. Ackerstaff et al. (OPAL), Phys. Lett. B 412, 210 (1997), hep-ex/9708022
G. Abbiendi et al. (OPAL), Eur. Phys. J. C 17, 373 (2000), hep-ex/0007017
K. Ackerstaff et al. (OPAL), Eur. Phys. J. C 5, 411 (1998), hep-ex/9805011
P.D. Acton et al. (OPAL), Z. Phys. C 53, 539 (1992)
P. Abreu et al. (DELPHI), Phys. Lett. B 449, 364 (1999)
P. Abreu et al. (DELPHI), Z. Phys. C 59, 533 (1993)
R. Barate et al. (ALEPH), Eur. Phys. J. C 16, 597 (2000), hep-ex/9909032
R. Barate et al. (ALEPH), Phys. Rept. 294, 1 (1998)
P. Pfeifenschneider et al. (JADE), Eur. Phys. J. C 17, 19 (2000), hep-ex/0001055
P. Abreu et al. (DELPHI), Z. Phys. C 73, 11 (1996)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0 ), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Bähr, M., Gieseke, S., Gigg, M.A. et al. Herwig++ physics and manual. Eur. Phys. J. C 58, 639–707 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-008-0798-9
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-008-0798-9
PACS
- 12.38.Cy
- 13.87.Ce
- 13.87.fh