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Size and doping effects on the magnetic and electric properties of Bi\(_2\)Fe\(_4\)O\(_9\) nanoparticles

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Abstract

In the present paper we propose a microscopic model to study the multiferroic properties of Bi\(_2\)Fe\(_4\)O\(_9\) nanoparticles. The spontaneous magnetization \(M_s\) increases with decreasing nanoparticle size. \(M_s\) is shape dependent. It is larger for cylindrical than for spherical nanoparticles. \(M_s\) increases with increasing Co and Ho concentration, whereas by Mn doping it decreases. These tunable magnetic properties can be widely applied in spintronics. The polarization \(P_s\) increases also with decreasing nanoparticle size. Mn ion doping leads to increase of \(P_s\), the phase transition temperature \(T_C\) and the dielectric constant and so to enhanced electric and dielectric properties of Bi\(_2\)Fe\(_4\)O\(_9\) nanoparticles. Applying an external magnetic field \(P_s\) is enhanced, which is indirect evidence for a strong magnetoelectric coupling. The specific heat \(C_p\) shows an anomaly at the Neel temperature \(T_N\) which vanishes by applying an external magnetic field. The band gap energy \(E_g\) decreases with increasing Ti, Co and Ho dopants whereas by Mn doping \(E_g\) increases.

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Data Availability Statement

This manuscript has no associated data or the data will not be deposited. [Authors’ comment: Derived data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.]

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Acknowledgements

One of us A.T.A. acknowledges financial support from the Center for Research and Design of the Sofia University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy (contract number BN-271/23).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Forestry, Sofia, 1756, Bulgaria

    Iliana N. Apostolova

  2. University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Sofia, 1046, Bulgaria

    Angel T. Apostolov

  3. Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, 1164, Bulgaria

    Julia M. Wesselinowa

Authors
  1. Iliana N. Apostolova
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  2. Angel T. Apostolov
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  3. Julia M. Wesselinowa
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All authors contributed equally to this work.

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Correspondence to Julia M. Wesselinowa.

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Apostolova, I.N., Apostolov, A.T. & Wesselinowa, J.M. Size and doping effects on the magnetic and electric properties of Bi\(_2\)Fe\(_4\)O\(_9\) nanoparticles. Eur. Phys. J. B 96, 77 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/s10051-023-00550-x

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