Abstract
Using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT), the structural, optoelectronic, and transport properties of the MgICl Janus monolayer have been investigated. The stability is validated by the ab-initio molecular dynamics (AIMD), cohesive energy, and phonon spectrum. We found that Janus MgICl monolayer is a direct band-gap semiconductor with an energy gap of 3.35 eV (PBE) and 4.87 eV (HSE), and is energetic and dynamically stable. The dielectric matrix has been calculated within the random phase approximation (RPA). The optical-absorption coefficient is found to be very less in the visible region, and the calculated refractive index values are very near to that of water. The reflectivity is found to be less than 10% in the visible region which further increases in the UV region. The electrical conductivity of the Janus MgICl using Boltzmann transport theory, and the effective mass of electrons and holes have been calculated; the results present good electrical conductivity and small values of effective mass owing to high mobility. These theoretical investigations suggest that the Janus MgICl is a thermodynamically stable and promising material for use in the solar cells as a transparent conductor material.
Graphical Abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
This manuscript has no associated data or the data will not be deposited. [Authors' comment:...].
References
K.S. Novoselov, A.K. Geim, S.V. Morozov, D.A. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S.V. Dubonos, I.V. Grigorieva, A.A. Firsov, Science 306, 666–669 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102896
K.K. Kim, A. Hsu, X. Jia, S.M. Kim, Y. Shi, M. Hofmann, D. Nezich, J.F. Rodriguez-Nieva, M. Dresselhaus, T. Palacios et al., Nano Lett. 12(1), 161–166 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl203249a
Y. Stehle, H.M. Meyer III., R.R. Unocic, M. Kidder, G. Polizos, P.G. Datskos, R. Jackson, S.N. Smirnov, I.V. Vlassiouk, Chem. Mater. 27(23), 8041–8047 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b03607
C. Cong, J. Shang, X. Wu, B. Cao, N. Peimyoo, C. Qiu, L. Sun, T. Yu, Adv. Opt. Mater. 2(2), 131–136 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201300428
J.-K. Huang, J. Pu, C.-L. Hsu, M.-H. Chiu, Z.-Y. Juang, Y.-H. Chang, W.-H. Chang, Y. Iwasa, T. Takenobu, L.-J. Li, ACS Nano 8(1), 923–930 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/nn405719x
X. Wang, Y. Gong, G. Shi, W.L. Chow, K. Keyshar, G. Ye, R. Vajtai, J. Lou, Z. Liu, E. Ringe et al., ACS Nano 8(5), 5125–5131 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/nn501175k
K.M. McCreary, A.T. Hanbicki, J.T. Robinson, E. Cobas, J.C. Culbertson, A.L. Friedman, G.G. Jernigan, B.T. Jonker, Adv. Funct. Mater. 24(41), 6449–6454 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201401511
J. Gou, Q. Zhong, S. Sheng, W. Li, P. Cheng, H. Li, L. Chen, K. Wu, 2D Mater. 3(4), Article 045005 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/3/4/045005
M.E. Dávila, G. Le Lay, Sci. Rep. 6(1), 1–9 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20714
L. Tao, E. Cinquanta, D. Chiappe, C. Grazianetti, M. Fanciulli, M. Dubey, A. Molle, D. Akinwande, Nat. Nanotechnol. 10(3), 227–231 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.325
A.H. Woomer, T.W. Farnsworth, J. Hu, R.A. Wells, C.L. Donley, S.C. Warren, ACS Nano 9(9), 8869–8884 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b02599
I. Allaoui, A. Benyoussef, A. EL Kenz, Comput. Condens. Matter (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cocom.2020.e00488
I. Allaoui, A. Benyoussef, A.E. Kenz, Solid State Sci. 121, 106736 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2021.106736
D.H. Fairbrother, J.G. Roberts, S. Rizzi, G.A. Somorjai, Langmuir 13(7), 2090–2096 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1021/la960680c
I.T. Lima, R. Gargano, S. Guerini, E.N. Paura, New J. Chem. 43(20), 7778–7783 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NJ01762C
I.T. Lima, R. Vasconcelos, R. Gargano, E.N. Paura, New J. Chem. 44(21), 8833–8839 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NJ01264E
F. Lu, W. Wang, X. Luo, X. Xie, Y. Cheng, H. Dong, H. Liu, W.-H. Wang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 132104 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4945366
S. Qian, J. Gao, G. Liu, Modern Phys. 11(5), 99–108 (2021). https://doi.org/10.12677/MP.2021.115013
J. Zhang, S. Jia, I. Kholmanov, L. Dong, D. Er, W. Chen, H. Guo, Z. Jin, V.B. Shenoy, L. Shi et al., ACS Nano 11(8), 8192–8198 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b03186
L. Dong, J. Lou, V.B. Shenoy, ACS Nano 11, 8242–8248 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b03313
J. Wang, H. Shu, T. Zhao, P. Liang, N. Wang, D. Cao, X. Chen, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 20, 18571–18578 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cp02612b
X. Ma, X. Wu, H. Wang, Y. Wang, Mater. Chem. 6, 2295–2301 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA10015A
M. Alam, H.S. Waheed, H. Ullah, M.W. Iqbal, Y.-H. Shin, M.J.I. Khan, H.I. Elsaeedy, R. Neffati, Phys. B 625, 413487 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2021.413487
D.M. Hoat, D.K. Nguyen, D. García-Toral, V. Van On, J.F. Rivas-Silva, G.H. Cocoletzi, Phys. E. 137, 115023 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2021.115023
P. Giannozzi, S. Baroni, N. Bonini et al., J. Phys. Condens. Matter 21, 395502 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/21/39/395502
H.J. Monkhorst, J.D. Pack, Phys. Rev. B 13, 5188 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.13.5188
J.D. Head, M.C. Zerner, Chem. Phys. Lett. 122, 264–270 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(85)80574-1
H. Judith, S. Laurids, K. Georg, Phys. Rev. B 81, 115126 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.81.115126
J. Heyd, G.E. Scuseria, M. Ernzerhof, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 8207–8215 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1564060
M. Cardona, J. Electron. Mater. 22, 27–37 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02665721
G.K.H. Madsen, D.J. Singh, Comput. Phys. Commun. 175(1), 67–71 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2006.03.007
A. Marini, C. Hogan, M. Grüning, D. Varsano, Comput. Phys. Commun. 180, 1392–1403 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2009.02.003
M. Talati, P.K. Jha, Phys. Rev. E 73, 011901 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.73.011901
P.K. Jha, S.P. Sanyal, Physica C 261, 259–262 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-4534(96)00148-7
H.R. Mahida, A. Patel, D. Singh, Y. Sonvane, P. B. Thakor, R. Ahuja, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2021.107132
R. John, B. Merlin, J. Phys. Chem. Solids (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2017.06.026
H.D. Bui, H.R. Jappor, N.N. Hieu, Superlattice. Microst. 125, 1–7 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2018.10.020
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
IA: visualization, methodology, writing—original draft, and writing—review and editing. MK: conceptualization, methodology, visualization, review, and formal analysis. AEK and AB: review and editing, conceptualization, and formal analysis.
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Allaoui, I., Benyoussef, A., El Kenz, A. et al. A new two-dimensional MgICl Janus monolayer for optoelectronic applications. Eur. Phys. J. B 96, 34 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/s10051-023-00502-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/s10051-023-00502-5