Abstract.
The AGATA and GRETINA/GRETA tracking spectrometers allow for the highest sensitivity \( \gamma\) -ray spectroscopy achievable today. Central to these instruments is the task of tracking \( \gamma\) rays, the process by which the interaction points observed in a tracking array are assembled into actual \( \gamma\) rays. Furthermore, the process evaluates the confidence with which individual photons are assembled; i.e., whether the track reconstruction results in a full-energy \( \gamma\) ray or rather in an event associated with Compton scattering, absorption in dead layers or other effects requiring rejection in order to produce spectra with a good peak-to-total ratio. The physics capabilities provided by these spectrometers as well as the different methods of tracking that have been developed are reviewed. The methods used to determine the interaction points from the charge collection signals obtained from the central contact and the segments of HPGe detectors, are presented as well. The performances of the existing tracking arrays, together with possible improvements, are summarized and discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C.W. Beausang, J. Simpson, J. Phys. G 22, 527 (1996)
P.J. Twin, in Workshop on Nuclear Structure at High Spins, Ris, Denmark, 1981, p. 135
P.J. Twin, P.J. Nolan, R. Aryaeinejad, D.J.G. Love, A.H. Nelson, A. Kirwan, Nucl. Phys. A 409, 343c (1983)
R.M. Diamond, Nucl. Sci. Res. Conf. Ser. 7, 259 (1984)
F.A. Beck, Nucl. Sci. Res. Conf. Ser. 7, 129 (1984)
B. Herskind, Nucl. Phys. A 447, 395c (1985)
R.M. Lieder, H. Jager, A. Neskakis, T. Venkova, C. Michel, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 220, 363 (1984)
J.P. Martin, D.C. Radford, M. Beaulieu, P. Taras, D. Ward, H.R. Andrews, G. Ayotte, F.J. Sharp, J.C. Waddington, O. Hausser, J. Gascon, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 257, 301 (1987)
J. Sharpey-Schafer, J. Simpson, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 21, 293 (1988)
P.J. Nolan, F.A. Beck, D.B. Fossan, Annu. Rev. Part. Sci. 45, 561 (1994)
J. Eberth, J. Simpson, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys 60, 283 (2008)
M.A. Riley, J. Simpson, Nuclear $\gamma$-Spectroscopy and the $\gamma$-Spheres, https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527600434.eap710 (2014)
A.M. Baxter, T.L. Khoo, M.E. Bleich, M.P. Carpenter, I. Ahmad, R.V.F. Janssens, E.F. Moore, I.G. Bearden, J.R. Beene, I.Y. Lee, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 317, 101 (1992)
C. Rossi Alvarez, Nucl. Phys. News 3, 10 (1993)
I.Y. Lee, M.A. Deleplanque, K. Vetter, Rep. Prog. Phys. 66, 1095 (2003)
I.Y. Lee, Nucl. Phys. A 520, 641c (1990)
I.Y. Lee, in Proceedings of the Workshop on Gammasphere Physics, Berkeley, CA 1--2 December 1995, edited by M.A. Delaplanque, I.Y. Lee, A.O. Macchiavelli (World Scientific, 1995) p. 50
C.W. Beausang et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 313, 37 (1992)
M.A. Riley, J. Simpson, E.S. Paul, Phys. Scr. 91, 123002 (2016)
Division of Nuclear Physics, The DOE/NSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Opportunities in Nuclear Science, DOE Long Range Plan, 2002
M.A. Deleplanque, I.Y. Lee, K. Vetter, G.J. Schmid, F.S. Stephens, R.M. Clark, R.M. Diamond, P. Fallon, A.O. Macchiavelli, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 430, 292 (1999)
I.Y. Lee, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 422, 195 (1999)
R.M. Lieder et al., Nucl. Phys. A 682, 279c (2001)
R.M. Lieder et al., Acta Phys. Pol. B 32, 2395 (2001)
R.W. Todd, J.M. Nightingale, D.B. Everett, Nature 251, 132 (1974)
V. Schoenfelder, A. Hirner, K. Schneider, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 107, 385 (1973)
J. Simpson, R. Krücken, Nucl. Phys. News 13, 15 (2003)
D. Bazzacco, Nucl. Phys. A 746, 248c (2004)
J. Simpson, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys 31, S1801 (2005)
J. Simpson, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 41, 72 (2006)
S. Akkoyun et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 668, 26 (2012)
I.Y. Lee, R.M. Clark, M. Cromaz, M.A. Deleplanque, M. Descovich, R.M. Diamond, P. Fallon, A.O. Macchiavelli, F.S. Stephens, D. Ward, Nucl. Phys. A 746, 255c (2004)
I.Y. Lee, J. Simpson, Nucl. Phys. News 20, 23 (2010)
GRETA (Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking Array) Conceptual Design Report, http://greta.lbl.gov/documents (2017)
A.T. Young, Appl. Opt. 20, 533 (1981)
S. Tashenov, J. Gerl, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 622, 592 (2010)
G.F. Knoll, Radiation Detection and Measurement (Wiley, New York, 2010)
J. Roth, J.H. Primbsch, R.P. Lin, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-31(1), 367 (1984)
A.C. Zoglauer, First light for the next generation of Compton and pair telescopes: Development of new techniques for the data analysis of combined Compton and pair telescopes and their application to the MEGA prototype, PhD Thesis, Garching Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (2006), provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System
O. Klein, Y. Nishina, Z. Phys. 52, 853 (1929)
J. Llacer, H.W. Kraner, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 98, 467 (1972)
M. Schlarb, R. Gernhauser, S. Klupp, R. Krücken, Eur. Phys. J. A 47, 132 (2011)
L. Mihailescu, W. Gast, R.M. Lieder, H. Brands, H. Jager, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 447, 350 (2000)
B. Bruyneel, P. Reiter, Gh. Pascovici, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 569, 764 (2006)
I. Abt, A. Caldwell, D. Lenz, J. Liu, X. Liu, B. Majorovits, Eur. Phys. J. C 68, 609 (2010)
V.S. Prasher, M. Cromaz, E. Merchan, P. Chowdhury, H.L. Crawford, C.J. Lister, C.M. Campbell, I.Y. Lee, A.O. Macchiavelli, D.C. Radford, A. Wiens, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 846, 50 (2017)
B. Bruyneel, B. Birkenbach, P. Reiter, Eur. Phys. J. A 52, 70 (2016)
M. Ginsz, Characterization of Hyper-Pure, multi-segmented Germanium detectors, PhD Thesis, University of Strasbourg, France (2015)
E. Eube, J. Eberth, U. Eberth, H. Eichner, V. Zobel, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 130, 73 (1975)
S. Paschalis et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 709, 44 (2013)
P. Fallon, A. Gade, I.Y. Lee, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 66, 321 (2016)
Th. Kröll, D. Bazzacco, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 463, 227 (2001)
E. Farnea, F. Recchia, D. Bazzacco, Th. Kröll, Zs. Podolyak, B. Quintana, A. Gadea, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 621, 331 (2010)
Th. Kröll et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 20, 205 (2004)
Th. Kröll, D. Bazzacco, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 565, 691 (2006)
A. Wiens, H. Hess, B. Birkenbach, B. Bruyneel, J. Eberth, D. Lersch, Gh. Pascovici, P. Reiter, H.G. Thomas, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 618, 223 (2010)
A. Gadea et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 654, 88 (2011)
C. Domingo-Pardo, D. Bazzacco, P. Doornenbal, E. Farnea, A. Gadea, J. Gerl, H.J. Wollersheim, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 694, 297 (2012)
E. Clément et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 855, 1 (2017)
K. Vetter et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 452, 105 (2000)
P. Fallon, Second AGATA-GRETINA Collaboration meeting, https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/16944, GRETINA-GRETA (2018)
C.Y. Wu, D. Cline, A. Hayes, R.S. Flight, A.M. Melchionna, C. Zhou, I.Y. Lee, D. Swan, R. Fox, J.T. Anderson, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 814, 6 (2016)
D.G. Sarantites, W. Reviol, J.M. Elson, J.E. Kinnison, C.J. Izzo, J. Manfredi, J. Liu, H.S. Jung, J. Goerres, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 790, 42 (2015)
D. Bazin, J.A. Caggiano, B.M. Sherrill, J. Yurkon, A. Zeller, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 204, 629 (2003)
C.N. Davids, B.B. Back, K. Bindra, D.J. Henderson, W. Kutschera, T. Lauritsen, Y. Nagame, P. Sugathan, A.V. Ramayya, W.B. Walters, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 70, 358 (1992)
R.J. Cooper, D.C. Radford, P.A. Hausladen, K. Lagergren, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 665, 25 (2011)
R.J. Cooper, D.C. Radford, K. Lagergren, F.C. James, L. Darken, R. Henning, M.G. Marino, K.M. Yocum, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 629, 303 (2011)
H. Crawford, Second AGATA-GRETINA Collaboration meeting, https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/16944, in-beam test of the ORNL prototype segmented inverted point contact detector (2018)
A.J. Boston, Second AGATA-GRETINA Collaboration meeting, https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/16944, scanning tables summary report (2018)
I. Doxas, C. Nieter, D.C. Radford, K. Lagergren, John R. Cary, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 580, 1331 (2007)
D.C. Radford, First AGATA-GRETINA Collaboration meeting, https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/13409, GRETINA decomposition implementation (2016)
K. Lagergren, D.C. Radford, unpublished
D.C. Radford, A.J. Boston, Second AGATA-GRETINA Collaboration meeting, https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/16944, signal decomposition/PSA update, introduction (2018)
M. Schlarb, R. Gernhauser, S. Klupp, R. Krücken, Eur. Phys. J. A 47, 131 (2011)
J.P. Wright, L.J. Harkness-Brennan, A.J. Boston, D.S. Judson, M. Labiche, P.J. Nolan, R.D. Page, F. Pearce, D.C. Radford, J. Simpson, C. Unsworth, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 892, 84 (2018)
M. Salathe et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 868, 19 (2017)
M. Descovich et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 553, 512 (2005)
M. Descovich, I.Y. Lee, P. Fallon, M. Cromaz, A.O. Macchiavelli, D.C. Radford, K. Vetter, R.M. Clark, M.A. Deleplanque, F.S. Stephens, D. Ward, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 553, 535 (2005)
R. Venturelli, D. Bazzacco, LNL Annual Report (2004) p. 220
D. Bazzacco, private communication (2017)
A. Olariu, P. Désesquelles, Ch. Diarra, P. Medina, C. Parisel, C. Santos, IEEE Trans Nucl. Sci. 53, 1028 (2006)
P. Désesquelles, T.M.H. Ha, K. Hauschild, A. Korichi, F. Le Blanc, A. Lopez-Martens, A. Olariu, C.M. Petrache, Eur. Phys. J. A 40, 237 (2009)
F.C.L. Crespi, F. Camera, O. Wieland, G. Benzoni, S. Brambilla, B. Million, D. Montanari, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 570, 459 (2007)
P. Désesquelles, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 654, 324 (2011)
H.J. Li, J. Ljungvall, C. Michelagnoli, E. Clément, J. Dudouet, P. Désesquelles, A. Lopez-Martens, G. de France, Eur. Phys. J. A 54, 198 (2018)
F.C.L. Crespi et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 604, 604 (2009)
B. Bruyneel, B. Birkenbach, J. Eberth, H. Hess, Gh. Pascovici, P. Reiter, A. Wiens, D. Bazzacco, E. Farnea, C. Michelagnoli, F. Recchia, Eur. Phys. J. A 49, 61 (2013)
O. Wieland, F. Camera, B. Million, A. Bracco, J. van der Marel, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 487, 441 (2002)
A. Wiens, B. Birkenbach, B. Bruyneel, J. Eberth, H. Hess, Gh. Pascovici, P. Reiter, D. Bazzacco, E. Farnea, C. Michelagnoli, F. Recchia, Eur. Phys. J. A 49, 47 (2013)
H. Gomez, S. Cebrian, J. Morales, J.A. Villar, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 203, 012134 (2010)
A.J. Boston, First AGATA-GRETINA Collaboration meeting, https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/13409, AGATA Pulse Shape Analysis Implementation (2016)
F.L.C. Crespi, EGAN School lecture: Pulse shape analysis, http://ns.ph.liv.ac.uk/EGAN/programme-liv-school.html (2011)
F. Recchia et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 604, 555 (2009)
E. Calore, D. Bazzacco, F. Recchia, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 719, 1 (2013)
P. Medina, C. Santos, D. Villaumé, in Proceedings of the 21st IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (IEEE Cat. No. 04CH37510) (IEEE, 2004)
A. Sanchez Lorente et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 573, 410 (2007)
K. Szymanska et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 592, 486 (2008)
L.J. Harkness et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 638, 67 (2011)
A. Lopez-Martens, K. Hauschild, A. Korichi, J. Roccaz, J.-P. Tribaud, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 533, 454 (2004)
G.J. Schmid, M.A. Deleplanque, I.Y. Lee, F.S. Stephens, K. Vetter, R.M. Clark, R.M. Diamond, P. Fallon, A.O. Macchiavelli, R.W. MacLeod, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 430, 69 (1999)
T. Lauritsen et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 836, 46 (2016)
AGATA Technical Proposal, https://www.agata.org/reports, edited by J. Gerl, W. Korten (2001)
A. Korichi, T. Lauritsen, in preparation
I. Piqueras, F.A. Beck, E. Pachoud, G. Duchê, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 516, 122 (2004)
T. Fukuchi et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 24, 249 (2005)
F. Camera, http://agata.pd.infn.it/documents/glp5152003/FrancoCamera.pdf, Cluster-Tracking for AGATA (2003)
A. Atac, A. Kaskas, S. Akkoyun, M. Senyigit, S.O. Kara, J. Nyberg, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 607, 554 (2009)
T. Lauritsen, First AGATA-GRETINA Collaboration meeting, https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/13409, the GRETINA tracking code (2016)
N. Lalović, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 806, 258 (2016)
M. Senyigit et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 735, 267 (2014)
A. Lopez-Martens, First AGATA-GRETINA Collaboration meeting, https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/13409, the AGATA tracking code (2016)
A. Lopez-Martens, Second AGATA-GRETINA Collaboration meeting, https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/16944, AGATA tracking code improvement (2018)
J. van der Marel, B. Cederwall, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 437, 538 (1999)
J. van der Marel, B. Cederwall, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 477, 391 (2002)
L. Milechina, B. Cederwall, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 508, 394 (2003)
P. Napiralla, C. Stahl, H. Egger, M. Reese, N. Pietralla, First AGATA-GRETINA Collaboration meeting, https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/13409, Bayes-Tracking: A new Approach for Gamma-Ray Tracking (2016)
F. Didierjean, G. Duchê, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 615, 188 (2010)
C. Rossi Alvarez, http://agata.pd.infn.it/documents/glp5152003/CarlosRossiAlvarez.pdf, Clustering Gammas by using Fuzzy Logic (2003)
AGATA Technical Design Report, https://www.agata.org/reports, edited by J. Simpson, J. Nyberg, W. Korten (2008)
L.A. Zadeh, Inf. Control 8, 338 (1965)
S. Zhu, private communication (2018)
D. Weisshaar, private communication (2016)
M.J. Cooper, Rep. Prog. Phys. 48, 415 (1985)
R.M. Kippen, http://gammaray.msfc.nasa.gov
N.J. Hammond, T. Duguet, C.J. Lister, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 547, 535 (2005)
S. Heil, S. Paschalis, S. Petri, Eur. Phys. J. A 54, 172 (2018)
M. Topinka, Machine learning search for gamma-ray burst afterglows in optical surveys, arXiv:1511.04555 (2015)
Second AGATA-GRETINA Collaboration meeting, https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/16944, Machine learning sessions (2018)
A. Agostinelli et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 506, 250 (2003)
M. Labiche, First AGATA-GRETINA Collaboration meeting, https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/13409, the AGATA GEANT4 simulation package (2016)
J. Ljungvall, Second AGATA-GRETINA Collaboration meeting, https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/16944, simulations status for AGATA (2018)
L.A. Riley, http://gretina.lbl.gov/tools-etc, GEANT4 Simulation Packages: UCGretina
H. Crawford, L.A. Riley, First AGATA-GRETINA Collaboration meeting, https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/13409, GRETINA simulations (2016)
T. Lauritsen, A. Korichi, T.L. Khoo, M.P. Carpenter, R.V.F. Janssens, L.A. Riley, D. Seweryniak, S. Zhu, Phys. Scr. 92, 074002 (2017)
A. Lopez-Martens, T. Lauritsen, S. Leoni, T. Dossing, T.L. Khoo, S. Siem, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 89, 137 (2016)
T. Lauritsen et al., Phys. Rev. C 75, 064309 (2007)
J. Ljungvall, J. Nyberg, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 550, 379 (2005)
A. Korichi, T. Lauritsen, A.N. Wilson, J. Dudouet, E. Clément, N. Lalović, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 872, 80 (2017)
B. Bruyneel, P. Reiter, Gh. Pascovici, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 569, 774 (2006)
B. Bruyneel, P. Reiter, A. Wiens, J. Eberth, H. Hess, Gh. Pascovici, N. Warr, D. Weisshaar, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 599, 196 (2009)
B. Bruyneel, P. Reiter, A. Wiens, J. Eberth, H. Hess, Gh. Pascovici, N. Warr, S. Aydin, D. Bazzacco, F. Recchia, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 608, 99 (2009)
A. Pullia, D. Weisshaar, F. Zocca, D. Bazzacco, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 58, 1201 (2011)
D.C. Radford, http://gswg.lbl.gov/meetings/SignalDecompAndXTalk-Radford.pdf, GRETINA Signal Decomposition and Cross-talk (2012)
M. Cromaz, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 606, 012016 (2015)
M. Eschenauer, R. Wirowski, D. Marcus, P. von Brentano, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 340, 364 (1994)
W.C.G. Ho, S.E. Boggs, R.P. Lin, S. Slassi-Sennou, N.W. Madden, R.H. Pehl, E.L. Hull, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 412, 507 (1998)
M. Descovich et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 241, 931 (2005)
M. Descovich et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 545, 199 (2005)
R. Hetzenegger, Second AGATA-GRETINA Collaboration meeting, https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/16944, numerical correction of neutron damages in AGATA HPGe detectors (2018)
T.J. Ross, C.W. Beausang, I.Y. Lee, A.O. Macchiavelli, S. Gros, M. Cromaz, R.M. Clark, P. Fallon, H. Jeppensen, J.M. Allmond, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 606, 533 (2009)
T.K. Alexander, J.S. Forster, in Advances in Nuclear Physics, edited by M. Baranger, E. Vogt, Vol. 10 (Plenum, 1968)
E. Farnea, AIP Conf. Proc. 1491, 42 (2012)
P.-A. Söderström et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 638, 96 (2011)
D. Weisshaar et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 847, 187 (2017)
M. Alcorta, I. Wiedenhoever, R.V.F. Janssens, http://www.phy.anl.gov/gammasphere/doc/absorbers/index.html
T. Yamazaki, Nucl. Data A 3, 1 (1967)
D.D. Watson, G.I. Harris, Nucl. Data A 3, 25 (1967)
J. Rikovska, N.J. Stone, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 37, 53 (1987)
M.J. Yates, in Alpha-, Beta- and Gamma-ray Spectroscopy, edited by Kai Siegbahn, Vol. 2 (North Holland, 1965) p. 1691
T. Lauritsen, A. Korichi, Second AGATA-GRETINA Collaboration meeting, https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/16944, angular distributions and angular correlations in the GRETINA array (2018)
S. Bottoni, First AGATA-GRETINA Collaboration meeting, https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/13409, angular distributions of tracked gamma-rays produced in direct reactions between heavy ions (2016)
P.G. Bizzeti et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 51, 49 (2015)
M.D. Jones et al., Phys. Rev. C 97, 024327 (2018)
B. Alikhani, A. Givechev, A. Heinz, P.R. John, J. Leske, M. Lettmann, O. Moller, N. Pietralla, C. Roder, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 675, 144 (2012)
C. Stahl, J. Leske, M. Lettmann, N. Pietralla, Comput. Phys. Commun. 214, 174 (2017)
P. Nolan, J. Sharpey-Schafer, Rep. Prog. Phys. 42, 1 (1979)
H. Gutbord, Nucl. Phys. A 752, 457c (2005)
E.S. Reich, Nature 477, 15 (2011)
A. Andrighetto et al., Nucl. Phys. A 834, 754c (2010)
S. Gales, Nucl. Phys. A 834, 717c (2010)
I.Y. Lee, Nucl. Phys. A 834, 743c (2010)
I.Y. Lee, AIP Conf. Proc. 1139, 23 (2009)
E. Farnea, D. Bazzacco, Nucl. Phys. News 22, 27 (2012)
P. Walker, Nature 10, 338 (2014)
S. Leoni, Acta Phys. Pol. B 45, 147 (2014)
N. Pietralla et al., EPJ Web of Conferences 66, 02083 (2014)
D. Mengoni, EPJ Web of Conferences 66, 11012 (2014)
E. Clément, A. Gadea, J. Gerl, Nucl. Phys. News 28, 16 (2018)
AGATA web site, https://www.agata.org
GRETA web site, http://greta.lbl.gov
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by N. Alamanos
Data Availability Statement
This manuscript has no associated data or the data will not be deposited. [Authors’ comment: The data sets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.]
Publisher’s Note
The EPJ Publishers remain neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Korichi, A., Lauritsen, T. Tracking \( \gamma\) rays in highly segmented HPGe detectors: A review of AGATA and GRETINA. Eur. Phys. J. A 55, 121 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2019-12787-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2019-12787-1