Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Breaking of axial symmetry in excited heavy nuclei as identified in giant dipole resonance data

  • Regular Article - Experimental Physics
  • Published:
The European Physical Journal A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract.

A recent theoretical prediction of a breaking of axial symmetry in quasi all heavy nuclei is confronted to a new critical analysis of photon strength functions of nuclei in the valley of stability. For the photon strength in the isovector giant dipole resonance (IVGDR) regime a parameterization of GDR shapes by the sum of three Lorentzians (TLO) is extrapolated to energies below and above the IVGDR. The impact of non-GDR modes adding to the low energy slope of photon strength is discussed including recent data on photon scattering and other radiative processes. These are shown to be concentrated in energy regions where various model calculations predict intermediate collective strength; thus they are obviously separate from the IVGDR tail. The triple Lorentzian (TLO) ansatz for giant dipole resonances is normalized in accordance to the dipole sum rule. The nuclear droplet model with surface dissipation accounts well for positions and widths without local, nuclide specific, parameters. Very few and only global parameters are needed when a breaking of axial symmetry already in the valley of stability is admitted and hence a reliable prediction for electric dipole strength functions also outside of it is expected.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Y. Oktem et al., Phys. Rev. C 86, 054305 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. K. Wrzosek-Lipska et al., Phys. Rev. C 86, 064305 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. Y. Toh et al., Phys. Rev. C 87, 041304 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. T. Nikšić, P. Marević, D. Vretenar, Phys. Rev. C 89, 044325 (2014) and references therein

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. H. Schiller, Th. Schmidt, Z. Phys. 94, 457 (1935)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. J.-P. Delaroche et al., Phys. Rev. C 81, 014303 (2010) and supplementary material therein

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. M. Gell-Mann et al., Phys. Rev. 95, 1612 (1954)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  8. S.S. Dietrich, B.L. Berman, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 38, 199 (1988)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. A.R. Junghans et al., Phys. Lett. B 670, 200 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. P. Axel et al., Phys. Rev. C 2, 689 (1970)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. G.A. Bartholomew et al., Adv. Nucl. Phys. 7, 229 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  12. U. Kneissl et al., J. Phys. G 32, R217 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. K. Heyde et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 2365 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. E. Grosse, A.R. Junghans, Landolt-Börnstein New Ser. I/25D, 4 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  15. D. Savran et al., Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 70, 210 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. S.G. Nilsson, Mat. Fys. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. 29, 16 (1955)

    Google Scholar 

  17. B.R. Mottelson, S.G. Nilsson, Phys. Rev. 99, 1615 (1955)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. K. Alder et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 28, 432 (1956)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. A. Bohr, B.R. Mottelson, Nucl. Phys. 4, 529 (1957)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. O. Nathan, S.G. Nilsson, $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy, edited by K. Siegbahn, Vol. 2 (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1965) p. 1020

  21. A. Bohr, B. Mottelson, Nuclear Structure (World Scientific, 1999) Chapt. 6

  22. J.P. Davidson, Rev. Mod. Phys. 37, 105 (1965)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. S.E. Larsson, Phys. Scr. 8, 17 (1973)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. M. Girod, B. Grammaticos, Phys. Rev. C 27, 2317 (1982)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. J. Meyer-ter-Vehn et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 32, 383 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  26. D. Cline, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 36, 683 (1986)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. A. Mauthofer et al., Z. Phys. A 336, 263 (1990)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. C.Y. Wu, D. Cline, Phys. Rev. C 54, 2356 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. J. Srebnry et al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 20, 422 (2011) and references therein

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. S. Frauendorf, Rev. Mod. Phys. 73, 463 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. M. Bender, P.-H. Heenen, P.-G. Reinhard, Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 121 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. A. Hayashi, K. Hara, P. Ring, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 337 (1984)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. J. Decharge et al., Phys. Rev. C 21, 1568 (1980)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. B.R. Mottelson, S.G. Nilsson, Nucl. Phys. 13, 281 (1959)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. D.L. Hill, J.A. Wheeler, Phys. Rev. 89, 1102 (1953)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. J. Levinger, H.A. Bethe, Phys. Rev. 78, 115 (1950)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. W. Weise, Phys. Rev. Lett. 31, 773 (1973)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. W. Kuhn, Z. Phys. 33, 408 (1925)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. F. Reiche, W. Thomas, Z. Phys. 34, 510 (1925)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. M.B. Chadwick et al., Phys. Rev. C 44, 814 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. M. Goldhaber, E. Teller, Phys. Rev. 74, 1046 (1948)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. H. Steinwedel, H. Jensen, Phys. Rev. 79, 1019 (1950)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. J. Ahrens, Nucl. Phys. A 446, 229 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. S.G. Kadmenskii, V.P. Markushev, V.I. Furman, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 37, 165 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  45. R. Pitthan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 33, 849 (1974)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. B.S. Dolbilkin et al., Phys. Rev. C 25, 2225 (1982)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. R. Capote et al., Nucl. Data Sheets 110, 3107 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. V.A. Plujko et al., At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 97, 567 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. C. Fiolhais, Ann. Phys. 171, 186 (1986)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. F. Bečvář et al., Phys. Rev. C 52, 1278 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. J. Kopecky, M. Uhl, R.E. Chrien, Phys. Rev. C 47, 312 (1993)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. M. Danos, W. Greiner, Phys. Rev. 134, B 284 (1964)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. E.F. Gordon, R. Pitthan, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 145, 569 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. W.D. Myers et al., Phys. Rev. C 15, 2032 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  55. P. Möller et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 062501 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  56. P. Möller et al., At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 94, 758 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  57. A.R. Junghans et al., J. Korean Phys. Soc. 59, 1872 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  58. C.B. Dover, R.H. Lemmer, F.J.W. Hahne, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 70, 458 (1972)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. B. Bush, Y. Alhassid, Nucl. Phys. A 531, 27 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. G.F. Bertsch et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 032502 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. G. Enders et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 249 (1992)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. M. Erhard et al., Phys. Rev. C 81, 034319 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  63. B.L. Berman, S.C. Fultz, Rev. Mod. Phys. 47, 713 (1975)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  64. J. Kopecky, M. Uhl, Phys. Rev. C 41, 1941 (1990)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. H.W. Barz, I. Rotter, J. Höhn, Nucl. Phys. A 275, 111 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  66. R. Wünsch, private communication

  67. R. Beyer et al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 20, 431 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  68. M. Martini et al., Phys. Rev. C 94, 014304 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  69. C. Nair et al., Phys. Rev. C 81, 055806 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  70. P. Carlos et al., Nucl. Phys. A 225, 171 (1974)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  71. S.Q. Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. C 80, 021307 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  72. E. Grosse et al., EPJ Web of Conferences 21, 04003 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. G. Audit et al., Nucl. Instrum. 79, 203 (1970)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  74. M. Beard et al., Phys. Rev. C 90, 034619 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  75. D. Brink, Nucl. Phys. 4, 215 (1957) Ph.D. Thesis, Oxford

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. P. Axel, Phys. Rev. 126, 671 (1962)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  77. U. Kneissl et al., Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 37, 349 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  78. S. Raman et al., At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 78, 1 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  79. T. Kibédi, R. Spear, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 80, 35 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  80. L.M. Robledo, G.F. Bertsch, Phys. Rev. C 84, 054302 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  81. R.M. Laszewski, P. Axel, Phys. Rev. C 19, 342 (1979)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  82. R. Schwengner et al., Phys. Rev. C 76, 034321 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  83. R. Massarczyk et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 072501 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  84. N. Ryezayeva et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 272502 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. T.D. Poelhekken et al., Phys. Lett. B 278, 423 (1992)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  86. J. Endres et al., Phys. Rev. C 80, 034302 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  87. R. Schwengner et al., Nucl. Phys. A 486, 43 (1988)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  88. R.M. Laszewski et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 431 (1987)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  89. G. Rusev et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 022503 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  90. H.R. Weller, N.R. Roberson, Rev. Mod. Phys. 52, 699 (1980)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  91. A.S. Davydov, J.P. Fillipov, Nucl. Phys. A 8, 237 (1958)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. A. van der Woude, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 18, 217 (1987)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  93. A. Schwierczinski et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 1244 (1975)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  94. E. Grosse, A.R. Junghans, R. Massarczyk, Phys. Lett. B 739, 1 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. S.F. Mughabghab, C. Dunford, Phys. Lett. B 487, 155 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  96. EXFOR database, e.g. https://www-nds.iaea.org/exfor/exfor.htm (2014)

  97. V.V. Varlamov et al., J. Phys. At. Nucl. 67, 2107 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. V.V. Varlamov et al., J. Phys. At. Nucl. 75, 1339 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. V.V. Varlamov et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 50, 114 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  100. D.J.S. Findlay, Nucl. Instrum. 213, 353 (1983)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. P. Carlos et al., Nucl. Phys. A 172, 437 (1971)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  102. H. Beil et al., Nucl. Phys. A 172, 426 (1971)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  103. B.L. Berman et al., Phys. Rev. C 36, 1286 (1987)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  104. B.S. Ishkhanov, V.V. Varlamov, Phys. At. Nucl. 67, 1664 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. A. Sauerwein et al., Phys. Rev. C 89, 035803 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  106. H.T. Nyhus et al., Phys. Rev. C 91, 015808 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  107. C. Nair et al., Phys. Rev. C 78, 055802 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  108. A. Jung et al., Nucl. Phys. A 584, 103 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  109. K. Govaert et al., Phys. Rev. C 57, 2229 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  110. G. Rusev et al., Phys. Rev. C 77, 064321 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  111. G. Schramm et al., Phys. Rev. C 85, 014311 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  112. R. Massarczyk et al., Phys. Rev. C 86, 014319 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  113. P. Carlos et al., Nucl. Phys. A 258, 365 (1976)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  114. G. Rusev et al., AIP Conf. Proc. 1099, 799 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  115. H. Beil et al., Nucl. Phys. A 227, 427 (1974)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  116. M. Guttormsen et al., Phys. Rev. C 71, 044307 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  117. A.C. Larsen, S. Goriely, Phys. Rev. C 82, 014318 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  118. A. Leprêtre et al., Nucl. Phys. A 219, 39 (1974)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  119. H. Utsunomiya et al., Phys. Rev. C 84, 055805 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  120. B. Oezel-Tashenov et al., Phys. Rev. C 90, 024304 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  121. H.K. Toft et al., Phys. Rev. C 83, 044320 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  122. J. Isaak et al., Phys. Lett. B 727, 361 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  123. A.P. Tonchev et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 072501 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  124. A. Koning et al., Nucl. Phys. A 810, 13 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  125. T. von Egidy, D. Bucurescu, Phys. Rev. C 80, 054310 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  126. M. Krticka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 172501 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  127. Yu.P. Popov et al., Nucl. Phys. A 188, 212 (1972)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  128. L. Aldea et al., Z. Phys. A 283, 391 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  129. Yu.P. Popov et al., Sov. J. Part. Nucl. 13, 483 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  130. W. Furman et al., Phys. Lett. B 44, 465 (1973)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  131. R. Schwengner, S. Frauendorf, A. Larsen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 232504 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  132. G.M. Gurevich et al., Nucl. Phys. A 351, 257 (1981)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  133. O.V. Vasilyev et al., Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 13, 259 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  134. H. Bergère et al., Nucl. Phys. A 133, 417 (1969)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  135. A. Repko et al., Phys. Rev. C 87, 024305 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  136. R. Casten et al., Nucl. Phys. A 316, 61 (1979)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  137. B.L. Berman et al., Phys. Rev. C 19, 1205 (1979)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  138. A.M. Goryachev, G.N. Zalesnyy, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 27, 779 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  139. A. Heusler et al., Phys. Rev. C 89, 024322 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  140. N. Pietralla et al., Phys. Lett. B 681, 134 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  141. R. Schwengner et al., Phys. Rev. C 81, 054315 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  142. A. Zilges et al., Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 55, 408 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  143. A. Veyssière et al., Nucl. Phys. A 159, 561 (1970)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  144. R. Van de Vyver et al., Z. Phys. A 284, 91 (1978)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  145. Z.W. Bell et al., Phys. Rev. C 25, 791 (1982)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  146. A.M. Nathan, Phys. Rev. C 43, 2479 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  147. A. Veyssière et al., J. Phys. (Paris) 36, L267 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  148. C. Djalali et al., Nucl. Phys. A 380, 42 (1982)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  149. F.R. Buskirk et al., Phys. Lett. B 42, 194 (1972)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  150. G. Kühner et al., Phys. Lett. B 104, 189 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  151. J.T. Caldwell et al., Phys. Rev. C 21, 1215 (1980)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  152. G.M. Gurevich et al., Nucl. Phys. A 273, 326 (1976)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  153. Y. Birenbaum et al., Phys. Rev. C 36, 1293 (1987)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  154. M. Guttormsen et al., Phys. Rev. C 89, 014302 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  155. R.D. Heil et al., Nucl. Phys. A 476, 39 (1988)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  156. R. Bramblett et al., Phys. Rev. 129, 2723 (1963)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  157. J.A. Maruhn et al., Phys. Rev. C 71, 064328 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  158. P. Möller et al., At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 59, 185 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  159. B.L. Berman et al., Phys. Rev. C 34, 2201 (1986)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  160. M. Antonio, P.V. de Moraes, M.F. Cesar, Phys. Scr. 47, 519 (1993)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  161. M. Spieker et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 192504 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  162. R. Mohan, M. Danos, L.C. Biedenharn, Phys. Rev. C 3, 1740 (1971)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  163. S.F. Mughabghab, C. Dunford, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 4083 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  164. H.A. Jahn, E. Teller, Proc. R. Soc. A 161, 220 (1937)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  165. P.G. Reinhard, E.W. Otten, Nucl. Phys. A 420, 173 (1984)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  166. E. Grosse, A.R. Junghans, J. Wilson, Phys. Scr. 92, 114003 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  167. S. Goriely, Phys. Lett. B 436, 10 (1998)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  168. G.F. Bertsch et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 55, 287 (1983)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  169. I. Bentley et al., Phys. Rev. C 83, 014317 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  170. B.A. Brown, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 5300 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  171. W. Kleinig et al., Phys. Rev. C 78, 044313 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  172. M. Borrajo, J.L. Egido, Eur. Phys. J. A 52, 277 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  173. A.R. Junghans et al., EPJ Web of Conferences 146, 05007 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  174. H. Utsunomiya et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 162502 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  175. S. Goriely, E. Khan, M. Samyn, Nucl. Phys. A 739, 331 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  176. E. Litvinova et al., Nucl. Phys. A 823, 26 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  177. A. Tonchev et al., Phys. Lett. B 773, 20 (2017)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany

    E. Grosse & R. Massarczyk

  2. Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314, Dresden, Germany

    A. R. Junghans

Authors
  1. E. Grosse
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. R. Junghans
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. R. Massarczyk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. Grosse.

Additional information

Communicated by P. Salabura

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Grosse, E., Junghans, A.R. & Massarczyk, R. Breaking of axial symmetry in excited heavy nuclei as identified in giant dipole resonance data. Eur. Phys. J. A 53, 225 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2017-12415-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2017-12415-2

Search

Navigation