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State-of-the-Art of Forward Osmosis Technology: Prospects and Limitations

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Abstract

Forward osmosis is considered as an emerging technology that can compete with existing methods of desalination, purification, and concentration of natural and wastewater on the global water market. This review presents possible applications of forward osmosis, technological schemes, and the most striking case studies. The issues of forward osmosis membranes development and improvement, composition and regeneration of draw solutions, membrane fouling are considered. Special attention is paid to the problems arising during forward osmosis operation as well as to energy and economic assessment of new technology. Conclusions are drawn about the status of the commercial implementation of forward osmosis and the main barriers that stand in the way of its development.

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Notes

  1. In the domestic literature, there is no well-established term for “draw solution” (English). In earlier foreign literature, the term “osmotic agent” is sometimes found, which is proposed to be used here to refer to a concentrated solution or suspension used in forward osmosis.

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  1. VT Expert, 117198, Moscow, Russia

    A. P. Andrianov & O. V. Yantsen

  2. Russian State Geological Prospecting University, 117997, Moscow, Russia

    O. V. Yantsen

  3. Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, 129337, Moscow, Russia

    R. V. Efremov

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  1. A. P. Andrianov
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  3. R. V. Efremov
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Andrianov, A.P., Yantsen, O.V. & Efremov, R.V. State-of-the-Art of Forward Osmosis Technology: Prospects and Limitations. Membr. Membr. Technol. 5, 276–289 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2517751623040029

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