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Polarization of the Russia’s Socioeconomic Space to the Northeast of the Capital Core

  • OLD-DEVELOPED AREAS IN THE SPACE OF RUSSIA
  • Published:
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Abstract—

This article considers the history of the territorial and economic development in the pre-Soviet, Soviet, and post-Soviet times of the northeastern sector of the Central area of Russia as part of Vladimir, Ivanovo, Yaroslavl, and Kostroma oblasts, as well as the ratio of the dynamics of the population of the regional centers and other settlements. The economic and psychic separation of large cities from the surrounding territories forced the authors to pay attention to the problems of the cultural heritage in the center of Russia. Yaroslavl oblast serves as a clear example of the influence of the geographical position near Moscow on the regional development, the accumulated traditions, sweeping Soviet industrialization, and modern directions of economic transformation. The rapid industrialization and urbanization of Yaroslavl oblast had begun almost half a century before the Soviet era, which stimulated the migration of the population. The history of the emergence and decline of industrial enterprises, the characteristics of some small towns with specific examples, and the contrasts of rural areas are considered. The evolution of rural settlement pattern in Yaroslavl oblast proves that the polarization of the populated space and its shrinkage are not phenomena of the post-Soviet or even late Soviet periods. Throughout history, there have been waves of expansion and shrinkage. The specificity of the modern period is the strengthening of rural depopulation with the active modernization of agriculture and its concentration. The features of the functioning of modern agro-industrial complexes between Moscow and Yaroslavl are considered. Attention is paid to the influence of the historical heritage on modern processes, including in the area of Lake Nero, as well as the activation of dacha use of the territory by Muscovites and residents of large cities and the formation of a shadow “dachas economy.” The article is illustrated with graphs and photographs of some cities, enterprises, and rural areas.

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Notes

  1. Capitalist peasants are entrepreneurial peasants, they could be both serfs, and free, for example, redeemed at will (Bessolitsyn and Kuz’michev, 2006, p. 85–89; Smetanin, 2005).

  2. The economy of Yaroslavl oblast in 1990. Yaroslavl: Goskomstat of the RSFSR, Yaroslavl Department of Statistics, 1991. p. 174.

  3. See the article by T.G. Nefedova “From Kostroma to the regional outskirts” in this issue.

  4. Strategy for Socioeconomic Development of Kostroma oblast for the Period up to 2025. https://www.economy.gov.ru/material/file/af4c2183143dc57efbab6cf3a14229b4/Strat_KO.pdf

  5. See the article by A.I. Treivish, O.B. Glezer, T.G. Nefedova “Old-developed areas in the waves of municipal reform” in this issue.

  6. See the article by T.G. Nefedova Contrasts of the Socioeconomic Space in the Center of Russia and Their Evolution: Two Cross-Sections in this issue.

  7. Yaroslavl governorate: List of populated places according to 1859, Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs; edited by Senior Editor Artemyev. St. Petersburg: Printing house of Karl Wulff, 1865.

  8. Regions of Russia. Moscow: Rosstat, 1996, 2019.

  9. The economy of Yaroslavl oblast in 1990. Yaroslavl: State Statistics Committee of the RSFSR, Yaroslavl Department of Statistics, 1991; Yaroslavl, cities and districts of the region for 2018. Yaroslavl: Terr. body of the federal state statistic services for Yaroslavl oblast, 2019.

  10. The name of the village Voshchazhnikovo is connected with the fact that since ancient times the population has been engaged in beekeeping here on meadow grasses (voshchina, honeycombs made of wax with cells for folding honey). Village from the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century belonged to the count family of Sheremetevs. In addition to the production of honey and wax for sale, there was a distillery, a candle factory, a molasses factory and a paper factory.

  11. Under the name Ugleche (Ugliche) Pole, the city of Uglich was first mentioned in the Laurentian Chronicle at the beginning of 1149.

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Funding

The work was carried out at the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences within the framework of the project of the Russian Science Foundation no. 19-17-00174 (“Development of areas of old development in the conditions of socio-economic polarization and compression of the developed space of European Russia”) and within the framework of the state task of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences AAAA-A19-119022190170-1 (FMGE-2019-0008).

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  1. Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017, Moscow, Russia

    K. V. Averkieva & T. G. Nefedova

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  1. K. V. Averkieva
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  2. T. G. Nefedova
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Correspondence to K. V. Averkieva or T. G. Nefedova.

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Averkieva, K.V., Nefedova, T.G. Polarization of the Russia’s Socioeconomic Space to the Northeast of the Capital Core. Reg. Res. Russ. 12 (Suppl 1), S123–S142 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079970522700435

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079970522700435

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