Abstract
The article considers widespread types of nonstandard employment among the rural population and main problems associated with their development in border area based on the analysis of statistical and sociological data on rural employment of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. It is revealed that the processes of development of nonstandard forms of employment in the oblast in modern conditions are in its infancy and this situation will continue if conditions remain the same. Currently, the population of rural areas of the region prefers jobs (at agricultural and nonagricultural enterprises) even without official employment, which corresponds to Russian trends. Preference is given to employment with foreign farmers. The overwhelming majority of the population does not see any prospects for developing their own businesses in rural areas; optimistic residents prefer to engage in small-scale trade. The rural population is not ready to use manufacturing decorative and applied products as an additional source of income. Low financial literacy, lack of material resources, and difficult socioeconomic situation in the oblast restrain the active population from developing their own businesses.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Averkieva, K.V., Labor markets and the role of otkhodnichestvo in the employment of rural inhabitants of Russia’s Non-Chernozem zone, Reg. Res. Russ., 2016, vol. 6, no.1, pp. 21–31.
Averkieva, K.V. and Zemlyanskii, D.Yu., Employment pattern of rural population in Central Chernozem zone, Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. 5: Geogr., 2016, no.2, pp. 75–81.
Akhmetov, V.Ya., The development of various forms of self-employment as an effective solution of the unemployment problems in the Trans-Ural area of Bashkiriya, Materialy III Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii “Upravlenie sotsioal’no-ekonomicheskim razvitiem regiona,” 20 aprelya 2012 g. (Proc. III All-Russian Sci.-Pract. Conf. “Management of Socioeconomic Development of a Region,” April 20, 2012), Ufa: Bashkir. Gos. Univ., 2012, pp. 37–44.
Bazyleva, M.N., Nonstandard employment relations and the development of a contract employment system in the Republic of Belarus, Ekon. Uprav., 2012, no.2, pp. 111–117.
Bocharova, E.V. and Dakirova, S.T., Problems and development of self-employment in rural areas, Izv. Sarat. Univ., Ser.: Sotsiol., Politol., 2014, vol. 14, no.1, pp. 37–42.
Authorities want to oblige non-working citizens to pay for social services. http://www.vedomosti.ru/economics/articles/2016/10/24/662093-nerabotayuschih-grazhdan-oplachivat. Accessed October 21, 2016.
Volovskaya, N.M., Plyusnina, L.K., Rusina, A.V., and Inozemtseva, A.V., Unemployed population and selfemployment in Siberian region, Sotsiol. Issled., 2015, no.5, pp. 52–60.
Gaeva, I.V., Transformation of functions of rural settlements of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Cand. Sci. (Geogr.) Dissertation, Moscow: Inst. Geogr., Russ. Acad. Sci., 2011.
Gimpel’son, V.E. and Kapelyushnikov, R.I., Nestandartnaya zanyatost’ i rossiiskii rynok truda (Nonstandart Employment and Russian Labor Market), Moscow: Vyssh. Shkola Ekon., 2006.
Diversification of rural household income sources and alternative employment: survey results. http://institutiones.com/general/1061-diversifikaciya-istochnikovdohoda.html. Accessed October 19, 2016.
The budget gaps will be covered due to housewives. http://www.ng.ru/economics/2016-10-24/1_6842_taxes.html. Accessed October 25, 2016.
Employed in the informal sector by type of employment in the Russia’a federal subjects. http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b15_30/Main.htm. Accessed August 25, 2017.
Kalinina, I.V., Transformation of the quantitative characteristics of the transportation ways in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, VI Mezhdunarodnaya nauchnaya konferentsiya “Sovremennye problemy regional’nogo razvitiya,” Birobidzhan, 4–6 oktyabrya 2016 g., Tezisy dokladov (VI Int. Sci. Conf. “Modern Trends of Regional Development,” Birobidzhan, October 4–6, 2016, Abstracts of Papers), Frisman, E.Ya., Ed., Birobidzhan: Priamursk. Gos. Univ. im. Sholom-Aleikhema, 2016, pp. 392–395.
Kalinina, I.V., The role of the “border zone” in the border areas of Pskov oblast and the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Reg. Probl., 2016, vol. 19, no.1, pp. 47–53.
Kalugina, Z.I. and Fadeeva, O.P., “Hard luck story” of abandoned villages: sociological essay, Reg.: Ekon. Sotsiol., 2006, no.3, pp. 79–96.
Kalugina, Z.I., Vector of postcrisis development of rural Russia, Reg. Res. Russ., 2011, vol. 1, no.2, pp. 149–156.
Kamarova, T.A., Definitions, types, and forms of “nonstandard employment” and their legislative basis, Hum. Progr., 2015, vol. 1, no.1, pp. 14–30.
Kober, P., A thousand Chinese farmers work in the Middle Urals. http://www.oblgazeta.ru/economics/29166/. Accessed January 16, 2017.
Komarova, T.M., Economic and geographic factors of territorial organization of economics in Jewish Autonomous Oblast during transition to market economics, Cand. Sci. (Geogr.) Dissertation, Irkutsk: Sochava Inst. Geogr., Sib. Branch, Russ. Acad. Sci., 1998.
Latov, Yu.V., Ekonomika vne zakona. Ocherki po teorii i istorii tenevoi ekonomiki (The Illegal Economy: Essays on the Theory and History of the Shadow Economy), Moscow: Mosk. Obshch. Nauch. Fond, 2001.
Mezhdu domom i … domom. Vozvratnaya prostranstvennaya mobil’nost’ naseleniya Rossii (Between Home and …. Home. The Return Spatial Mobility of Population in Russia), Nefedova, T.G., Averkieva, K.V., and Makhrova, A.G., Eds., Moscow: Novyi Khronograf, 2016.
Mishchuk, S.N., The Chinese factor in the development of agriculture and rural areas of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Regionalistika, 2016, vol. 3, no.4, pp. 20–30.
Neustroeva, A.B. and Popova, O.V., Nonstandard employment of the rural population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Nauka Obraz., 2014, no.3, pp. 57–62.
Nefedova, T.G., Desyat’ aktual’nykh voprosov o sel’skoi Rossii: otvety geografa (Ten Topical Issues about Rural Russia: A Geographer’s Viewpoint), Moscow: Lenand, 2013.
Nefedova, T.G., Otkhodnichestvo from rural areas and dacha settlement pattern of the urban citizens in the conditions of crisis and modernization of agriculture in Russia, Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii “Faktory i strategii regional’nogo razvitiya v menyayushchemsya geopoliticheskom i geoekonomicheskom kontekste,” Groznyi, 20–25 sentyabrya 2016 g. (Proc. Int. Sci. Conf. “Factors and Strategy of Regional Development in changing Geopolitical and Geoeconomic Context,” Groznyi, September 20–25, 2016), Druzhinin, A.G., Ed., Rostov-on-Don: Yuzhn. Fed. Univ., 2016, pp. 389–395.
Nikishina, O.Yu., Nonstandard employment as a form of rational use of work time in innovative transformations, Cand. Sci. (Econ.) Dissertation, Moscow: Sci. Res. Inst. Labor Soc. Insurance, 2015.
Nikiforova, A.A., Rynok truda: zanyatost’ i bezrabotitsa (Labor Market: Employment and Unemployment), Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya, 1991.
Nureev, R.M. and Akhmadeev, D.R., Classification of informal employment and methods of evaluation, Terra Econ., 2015, vol. 13, no.1, pp. 14–29.
Employment in Russian Federation, FZ no. 1032-1Z of April 19, 1991. http://base.garant.ru/10164333/. Accessed October 24, 2016.
The sowing campaign will rise in price. http://www.agroinvestor.ru/analytics/news/26619-posevnaya-kampaniyapodorozhaet/. Accessed March 28, 2017.
Why people do not want to be entrepreneurs. http://iventurer.co/ru/pochemu-lyudi-ne-xotyat-stanovitsya-predprinimatelyami/?doing_wp_cron=1485479294.9391360 282897949218750. Accessed March 28, 2017.
Radaev, V.V., Shadow economy of Russia: change of trends, Pro Contra, 1999, no.1, pp. 5–24.
The seed market became dependent. http://www.agroinvestor. ru/analytics/article/22504-rynok-popal-vzavisimost/. Accessed March 28, 2017.
Serova, E.V. and Zvyagintsev, D.V., Alternative employment in rural areas, Mir Ross., 2006, no.4, pp. 3–34.
Sociological poll by the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration: more and more Russians are striving “shadow employment.” http://social.ranepa.ru/novosti/item/socopros-ranhigsvse-bolshe-rossiyan-stremyatsya-v-ten. Accessed August 25, 2017.
Statisticheskii ezhegodnik Evreiskoi avtonomnoi oblasti: statisticheskii sbornik (Statistical Yearbook of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast: Statistical Handbook), Birobidzhan: Evrstat, 2016.
Sukhomirov, G.I., Problems of agriculture development in the Far Eastern Federal District, Regionalistika, 2015, vol. 2, no.3, pp. 39–50.
Trud i zanyatost’ v Evreiskoi avtonomnoi oblasti: Statisticheskii sbornik (Labor and Employment in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast: Statistical Handbook), Birobidzhan: Evrstat, 2016.
Chislennost’ zanyatykh v neformal’nom sektore v EAO v 2015 g.: Statisticheskii sbornik (Number of Employed in Informal Economics of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in 2015: Statistical Handbook), Birobidzhan: Evrstat, 2016.
Gutmann, P., The subterranean economy, Fin. Anal. J., 1977, vol. 33, pp. 24–27.
Grossman, G., The “second economy” of the USSR, Probl. Communism, 1997, no.5, pp. 25–40.
Hart, K., Informal economy opportunities and the urban employment in Ghana, J. Modern Africa Stud., 1973, vol. 11, no.1, pp. 61–89.
Henry, S., Can the hidden economy be revolutionary? Toward a dialectical analysis of the relations between formal and informal economies, Soc. Justice, 1988, nos. 3–4, pp. 29–54.
Mischuk, S.N., Russian–Chinese agricultural cooperation in the Russian Far East, Reg. Res. Russ., 2016, vol. 6, no.1, pp. 59–69.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © I.V. Kalinina, S.A. Solovchenkov, 2018, published in Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, Seriya Geograficheskaya, 2018, No. 4, pp. 33–45.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kalinina, I.V., Solovchenkov, S.A. Problems of Development of Nonstandard Employment in Rural Areas of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. Reg. Res. Russ. 8, 375–385 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079970518040020
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079970518040020