Geopolitical problems of the Arctic

Abstract

The problems of international cooperation and confrontation of Arctic states involving border delimitation and the future use of Arctic space due to climatic changes occurring in the region in the last decade are considered; the role of international organizations (the Arctic Council, the Barents Council, etc.) is defined. Projections for the development of Arctic resources in the short and long term are given on the basis of long-term arctic climate observations. The role of scientific research in order to promote the use of arctic resources is highlighted. The activities of some countries on the use of the Arctic, including the policies and practices on the exploration of the Arctic zone by countries having territories in accordance with the sectoral principle adopted in the 1920s, is analyzed. Increased participation of the Arctic in the world economy is possible due to its natural resources and the circumpolar position between Eurasia and North America, what gives the possibility to develop Nordic cross-polar routes (air and sea) as opposed to the currently prevailing southern routes. The increasing role of Russia thanks to its key position in the Arctic zone is shown.