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The Level of the Efficiency of Bioremediation by Oil-Contaminated Brown Semi-Desert Soil of the Republic of Kalmykia (Model Experiment)

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Abstract

The brown semi-desert soils of the Republic of Kalmykia are subject to high levels of oil pollution. To assess the ecological state of soils, it is necessary to analyze not only the residual oil content, but also the biological indicators of soils. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of bioremediation of the oil-contaminated brown semi-desert soil of the Republic using physicochemical and biological indicators. Biochar, nitroammophos, sodium humate, and Baikal EM-1 were added to oil-contaminated soil (5% of the soil mass). To assess the effectiveness of remediation of brown semi-desert soil after 30 days, the residual oil content, the activity of catalase and dehydrogenases, the number of bacteria, the length of the roots, and the germination of radish were studied. It has been established that the introduction of biochar and Baikal EM-1 reduces the residual oil content in brown semi-desert soil. Biochar and nitroammophos affect the contents of easily soluble salts, and Baikal EM-1, the redox potential. Sodium humate stimulates catalase activity (r = –0.48), shoot length (r = –0.54), roots (r = –0.54), and radish germination (r = –0.64). Nitroammophos stimulates the number of bacteria (r = –0.56), the activity of catalase (r = –0.63), and dehydrogenases (r = –0.84), but inhibits the length of radish shoots and roots (Raphanus sativus L.). The application of Baikal EM-1 stimulates the number of soil bacteria (r = –0.83), the activity of dehydrogenases (r = –0.89) and inhibits the length of roots, shoots and germination. It is advisable to use the results of the study in biomonitoring and diagnosing the state of oil-contaminated brown semi-desert soils of the Republic of Kalmykia.

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Notes

  1. The Latin names of the bacterium are given according to the work of C. Ash with collaborators (1993).

  2. The Latin names of the bacterium are given according to the work of N. Menhart et al. (1991).

  3. The Latin names of the bacterium are given according to the work of A. Felten et al. (1999).

  4. The Latin names of the bacterium are given according to the work of KJ Ryan with co-authors (2003).

  5. The Latin names of the bacterium are given according to the work JJ Farmer et al. (1980).

  6. The Latin names of the bacterium are given according to the work of F. Wirth et al. (2012).

  7. The Latin names of the bacterium are given according to the work of CP Kurtzman et al. (2011).

  8. The Latin names of the bacterium are given according to the work P. Sandven et al. (1997).

  9. The Latin names of the bacterium are given according to the work of N.B. Gradovoi et al. (1971).

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Funding

The study was supported by a grant from the President (MK-175.2022.5), with the financial support of the project of the Strategic Academic Leadership Program of the Southern Federal University (Priority 2030) for the creation of the Youth Laboratory of Ecobiotechnologies for Diagnosis and Protection of Soil Health (No. SP-12-23-01), the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, the laboratory Soil Health of the Southern Federal University (agreement No. 075-15-2022-1122), the project of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia Laboratory of Young Scientists within the framework of the Interregional Scientific and Educational Center of the South of Russia (No. LabNOTS- 21-01AB, FENW-2021-0014).

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  1. Southern Federal University Academy of Biology and Biotechnology named after D. I. Ivanovsky, 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

    T. V. Minnikova, A. S. Ruseva, S. Yu. Revina, S. I. Kolesnikov & V. G. Gaivoronsky

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  1. T. V. Minnikova
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Correspondence to T. V. Minnikova.

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Minnikova, T.V., Ruseva, A.S., Revina, S.Y. et al. The Level of the Efficiency of Bioremediation by Oil-Contaminated Brown Semi-Desert Soil of the Republic of Kalmykia (Model Experiment). Arid Ecosyst 13, 518–526 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079096123040078

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