Abstract
In the article, the efficiency (range and volume) of the transport of food particles suspended in hydroplasm along the stolon of the colonial hydroid Dynamena pumila inhabiting the littoral is determined with respect to four environmental factors: the temperature (10, 15, 20, 25, 28°С), salinity (26, 20, 15, 10‰), air exposure (duration 5, 10, 20, 30 min), and the presence or absence of water exchange. The capacity for efficient transport is determined based on the estimated length of local hydroplasma flows that form a chain continuous integral hydroplasmic flows. Local flows covering one or two stolon modules are theoretically sufficient for the generation of joint extended hydroplasmic flows and are thus equally represented for almost all values of the studied environmental factors, except for 28°C and 10‰. This means that the transport system of D. pumila is equally effective in a wide range of temperature and salinity changes, as well as during extended air exposure and the maintenance of colonies in stagnant water. The highest efficiency of colony integration is achieved at 15–20°С, 26–20‰ and after air exposure for 5–10 min. In terms of the degree of integration, there is almost no difference in the number of colonies in nonflowing and flowing conditions. The transfer of colonies from one cuvette with water to another does not affect the intensity of the hydroplasmic flow system.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
The maximum duration of the HF recorded in this study is 17 mm.
The term “relay” transmission of particles was proposed by Burykin (2013).
REFERENCES
Burykin, Yu.B., Rost kolonii Dynamena pumila (L.) (Hydrozoa, Sertulariidae) pri razlichnoi solenosti vody (Growth of a Colony of Dynamena pumila (L.) (Hydrozoa, Sertulariidae) in Water Salinity Gradient), Available from VINITI, 1978a, Moscow, no. 2426-78.
Burykin, Yu.B., Rost i polovoe sozrevanie kolonii Dynamena pumila (L.) (Hydrozoa, Sertulariidae) pri razlichnoi temperature vody (Growth and Sexual Maturation of Dynamena pumila (L.) (Hydrozoa, Sertulariidae) Colonies at Different Water Temperatures), Available from VINITI, 1978b, Moscow, no. 2427-78.
Burykin, Yu.B., Effect of some ecological factors on growth of colonial hydroids, Cand. Sci. (Biol.) Dissertation, Moscow: Moscow State Univ., 1979.
Burykin, Yu.B., Relay-ray way of hydroplasm movement in hydroid colonies, Russ. J. Dev. Biol., 2013, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 90–99.
Buss, L.W., Anderson, C.P., Perry, E.K., Buss, E.D., and Bolton, E.W., Nutrient distribution and absorption in the colonial hydroid Podocoryna carnea is sequentially diffusive and directional, PLoS One, 2015, vol. 10, no. 9, art. ID e0136814.
Dementyev, V.S. and Marfenin, N.N., The effect of desalination on the growth, coenosarcs pulsations, and hydroplasm movement in the colonial hydroid Dynamena pumila (L., 1758), Biol. Bull. Rev., 2019a, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 250–266.
Dementyev, V.S. and Marfenin, N.N., Influence of environmental factors on the growth and functions of the distribution system of hydroid Dynamena pumila (Linnaeus, 1758), Trudy VII Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prkticheskoi konferentsii “Morksie issledovaniya iobrazovanie (MARESEDU–2018)” (Proc. VII Int. Sci.-Pract Conf. “Marine Studies and Education (MARESEDU–2018)”), Tver: PoliPress, 2019b, vol. 4, pp. 282–284.
Dementyev, V.S. and Marfenin, N.N., Influence of temperature on the growth, coenosarc pulsations, and hydroplasm movement in the colonial hydroid Dynamena pumila (L., 1758), Biol. Bull. Rev., 2019c, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 432–452.
Dudgeon, S.R. and Buss, L.W., Growing with the flow: on the maintenance and malleability of colony form in the hydroid Hydractinia, Am. Nat., 1996, vol. 147, no. 5, pp. 667–691.
Dudgeon, S.R., Wagner, A., Vaisnys, J.R., and Buss, J.W., Dynamics of gastrovascular circulation in the hydrozoan Podocoryne carnea: the one-polyp case, Biol. Bull., 1999, vol. 196, pp. 1–17.
Kanaev, I.I., Gidra: ocherki po biologii presnovodnykh polipov (Hydra: Essays on the Biology of Freshwater Polyps), Moscow: Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1952.
Kosevich, I.A., Comparison of the functions of the growth tops of shoots and stolons in the colony of Obelia loveni (Allm.) (Hydrozoa, Campanulariidae), Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. 16: Biol., 1991, no. 2, pp. 44–52.
Makarenkova, E.P., Determination of the speed of hydroplasm movement in colonial hydroids of the genus Obelia using fluorescent dyes, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1988, vol. 302, no. 5, pp. 1275–1277.
Marfenin, N.N., Functions of pulsating-peristaltic type distribution system in colonial hydroids, Zh. Obshch. Biol., 1985, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 153–164.
Marfenin, N.N., Funktsional’naya morfologiya kolonial’nykh gidroidov (Functional Morphology of Colonial Hydroids), St. Petersburg: Zool. Inst., Ross. Akad. Nauk, 1993.
Marfenin, N.N., Decentralized self-regulation of the integrity of colonial organisms, Zh. Obshch. Biol., 2002, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 26–39.
Marfenin, N.N., Decentralized organism by the example of colonial hydroids, Biosfera, 2016, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 315–337.
Marfenin, N.N. and Burykin, Yu.B., Dependence of the growth of Dynamena pumila (L.) (Hydrozoa, Sertulariidae) colony on food abundance, Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. 16: Biol., 1979, no. 1, pp. 61–68.
Marfenin, N.N. and Dementyev, V.S., Functional morphology of hydrozoan stolons: stolonal growth, contractility, and hydroplasmic movement in Gonothyraea loveni (Allman, 1859), Mar. Biol. Res., 2017, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 521–537.
Marfenin, N.N. and Dementyev, V.S., Paradox of extended flows in Dynamena pumila (Linnaeus, 1758) colonial hydroid, Biol. Bull. Rev., 2018, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 212–226.
Marfenin, N.N. and Dementyev, V.S., Longitudinal stolon pulsations in the colonial hydroid Dynamena pumila (Linnaeus, 1758), Biol. Bull. Rev., 2019a, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 42–51.
Marfenin, N.N. and Dementyev, V.S., Growth, coenosarc pulsations, and hydroplasm movement in the colonial hydroid Dynamena pumila (L., 1758) placed in flow-through and nonflow cuvettes, Biol. Bull. Rev., 2019b, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 52–61.
Marfenin, N.N. and Dementyev, V.S., On the question of the length of hydroplasma flows in the colonial hydroid Dynamena pumila (L., 1758), Biol. Bull. Rev., 2020, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 441–455.
Marfenin, N.N. and Dementyev, V.S., Shoots as generators of hydroplasmic flows in the colonial hydroid Dynamena pumila (L., 1758), Biol. Bull. Rev., 2021, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 498–519.
Naumov, A.D. and Olenev, A.V., Zoologicheskie ekskursii na Belom more: posobie dlya letnei uchebnoi praktiki po zoologii bespozvonochnykh (Zoological Excursions in the White Sea: A Guide for Summer Practice in Invertebrate Zoology), Leningrad: Leningr. Gos. Univ., 1981.
Rees, J., Davis, L.V., and Lenhoff, H.M., Paths and rates of food distribution in the colonial hydroid Pennaria, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 1970, vol. 34, pp. 309–316.
Tsetlin, A.B., Zhadan, A.E., and Marfenin, N.N., Flora i fauna Belogo morya. Illyustrirovannyi atlas (Flora and Fauna of the White Sea: Illustrated Atlas), Moscow: KMK, 2010.
Wagner, A., Dudgeon, S., Vaisnys, J.R., and Buss, L.W., Nonlinear oscillations in polyps of the colonial hydroid Podocoryne carnea, Naturwissenschaften, 1998, vol. 85, pp. 117–120.
Funding
The study was performed within the framework of the scientific project of the state task of Moscow State University no. 121032300118-0.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interests. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Statement on the welfare of animals. This article does not contain any studies involving humans or animals performed by any of the authors.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dementyev, V.S., Marfenin, N.N. Efficiency of the Transport System of the Hydroid Dynamena pumila (L., 1758) under Different Abiotic Impacts. Biol Bull Rev 12, 266–278 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079086422030021
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079086422030021