Abstract—
A new process to make complex nitrogen- and carbon-containing precursor materials V(51–43)–Al(30–36)–N(13.4–16.4)–C(2.7–6.0) is developed involving nitriding mixtures of powder of industrial alloys V(65–50)–Al with graphite using self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. The results of pilot tests are encouraging. The ratio of nitrogen to carbon can vary in precursors over a wide range: N/C = 5.5–2.2. X‑ray diffraction analysis confirms that in these materials nitrogen has the form of AlN and VN nitrides, and carbon has the form of double V2C and VC and triple V2Al0.96C1.1 carbides. It is proved experimentally that graphite can be replaced by alternative precursor V(51)–Al(30)–N(15)–C(2.7) in the charge of ladle aluminothermic smelting master alloy V–Al–N–C. The comparison is made between phase composition and distribution of nitride and carbide inclusions in master alloy V–Al–N–C ingots and in those of master alloys smelted using other carbon-containing materials. The comparison involves X-ray diffraction analysis, electron microscopy, and X-ray spectral microanalysis. Matching results are obtained. The nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen content in the ingot meets the requirements set forth in the technical specifications for the master alloys of grade V–Al–N–C.
REFERENCES
Gorynin, I.V. and Chechulin, B.B., Titan v mashinostroenii (Titanium in Mechanical Engineering), Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1990.
Il’in, A.A., Kolachev, B.A., and Pol’kin, I.S., Titanovye splavy: Sostav, struktura, svoistva. Spravochnik (Titanium Alloys: Composition, Structure, Properties. Handbook), Moscow: Vseross. Inst. Legk. Splavov–Mosk. Aviats. Tekhnol. Inst., 2009.
Veiga, C., Davim, J.P., and Loureiro, A.J.R., Properties and applications of titanium alloys: A brief review, Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci., 2012, vol. 32, pp. 33–148.
Sergeev, V.V., Galitskii, N.V., Kiselev, V.P., and Kozlov, V.M., Metallurgiya titana (Titanium Metallurgy), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1971.
Andreev, A.L., Anoshkin, N.F., Borzetsovskaya, K.M., et al., Titanovye splavy. Plavka i lit’e titanovykh splavov (Titanium Alloys. Melting and Casting of Titanium Alloys), Dobatkin, V.I., Ed., Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1978.
Urt’ev, V.P. and Maksimov, V.M., in Metody vyplavki ligatur dlya splavov titana (Methods of Melting Ligatures for Titanium Alloys), Sudpromgiz, 1959, no. 2, pp. 24–30.
Zelikman, A.N., Krein, O.E., and Samsonov, G.V., Metallurgiya redkikh metallov (Metallurgy of Rare Metals), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1964.
Belov, S.P., Brun, M.Ya., and Glazunov, S.G., Titanovye splavy. Metallovedenie titana i ego splavov (Titanium Alloys. Metal Science of Titanium and Its Alloys), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1992.
Kolachev, B.A., Elagin, V.I., and Livanov, B.A., Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka tsvetnykh metallov i splavov (Metal Science and Thermal Treatment of Non-Ferrous Metals and Alloys), Moscow: Mosk. Inst. Stali Splavov, 1999.
Borisova, E.A., Bochvar, G.A., Brun, M.Ya., et al.,Titanovye splavy. Metallografiya titanovykh splavov (Titanium Alloys. Metallography of Titanium Alloys), Glazunov, S.G. and Kolachev, B.A., Eds., Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1980.
Fromm, E. and Gebhardt, E., Gase und Kohlenstoff in Metallen, Berlin–Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1976.
Taranov, D.V., Larionov, A.V., Chumarev, V.M., Smirnov, L.A., Trubachev, M.V., and Vohmentsev, S.A., Structure and phase composition of V–Al–N–C master alloy, Theor. Pract. Conf. with Int. Participation and School for Young Scientists “Ferroalloys: Development Prospects of Metallurgy and Machine Building Based on Completed Research and Development” (NIOKR-2018), KnE Mater. Sci., 2019, pp. 118–125. https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v5i1.3958
Chumarev, V.M., Larionov, A.V., Sel’menskikh, N.I., et al., Structure and phase composition of a V–Al–N master alloy, Russ. Metall. (Metally), 2012, vol. 2012, pp. 924–928. https://doi.org/10.1134/S003602951211002X
Rylov, A.N., Raikov, A.Yu., Martynov, A.V., et al., Use of aluminum nitride in melting a V–Al–N master alloy, Russ. Metall. (Metally), 2013, vol. 2013, pp. 477–481. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036029513070136
Zakorzhevskii, V.V., Borovinskaya, I.P., Dubrovskii, A.Ya., Zelyanskii, A.V., Pazdnikov, I.P., and Chumarev, V.M., RF Patent 2422246, Byull. Izobret., 2011, no. 18.
Zakorzhevskii, V.V., Kovalev, I.D., and Dubrovskii, A.Ya., Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of N-containing material based on aluminum and vanadium nitrides for producing titanium primary alloys, Refract. Ind. Ceram., 2018, vol. 59, pp. 416–419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11148-018-0246-9
Ish-Shalom, M., Formation of aluminum oxynitride by carbothermal reduction of aluminium oxide in nitrogen, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1982, vol. 1, pp. 147–149.
Willems, H.X., Hendrix, M.M.R.M., Metselaar, R., and de With, G., Thermodynamics of Alon I: Stability at lower temperatures, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 1992, vol. 10, pp. 327–337.
Willems, H.X., Hendrix, M.M.R.M., Metselaar, R., and de With, G., Thermodynamics of Alon II: Phase relations, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 1992, vol. 10, pp. 339–346.
Taranov, D.V., Larionov, A.V., Zhidovinova, S.V., et al., Use of V-Al-C precursor in melting a V–Al–N–C master alloy, Titan, 2019, no. 4, pp. 32–36.
Roine, A., HSC Chemistry 6.0. Chemical Reactions and Equilibrium Software with Extensive Thermochemical Database and Flowsheet Simulation, Pori: Outokumpu Res. Oy, 2006.
Funding
The work was carried out according to the State Assignment issued to the Institute of Metallurgy, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (the project state registration no. 122020100404-2), using equipment installed at Ural-M Common Use Center.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Translated by V. Vetrov
Publisher’s Note.
Pleiades Publishing remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Larionov, A.V., Taranov, D.V., Rylov, A.N. et al. Results on Testing New Process to Make Nitrogen- and Carbon-Containing Precursor Based on Vanadium and Aluminum to Smelt V–Al–N–C Master Alloy. Inorg. Mater. Appl. Res. 14, 1458–1464 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075113323050246
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075113323050246