Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Graphene Addition During Micro-Arc Oxidation Process on Wear and Corrosion Properties of Composite Oxide Layers

  • NANOSCALE AND NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS AND COATINGS
  • Published:
Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract—Ti and carbon steel are the materials most commonly employed in numerous industries. Nevertheless, adverse hardness, wear and corrosion resistance restrict numerous applications. We combined two surface processes technologies, thermal spraying and MAO, to produce a TiO2/Ti/Fe composite material. Firstly, a titanium (Ti) layer was prepared by thermal spraying on AISI 1020 carbon steel, and then additives in varying amounts were added to the electrolyte of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) to improve the wear and corrosion resistance. MAO current density and voltages were set at 35 A/dm2 and 450 V, the operation time of MAO was 10 min. The concentration of graphene added to the electrolytes were 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09 g L–1, and indicated as TiO2/Ti-F, TiO2/Ti-G1, TiO2/Ti-G3, TiO2/Ti-G5, TiO2/Ti-G7, TiO2/Ti-G9, respectively. Subsequently, surface roughness, thickness, microstructure, hardness, crystal structure, and composition were measured to confirm the properties of the oxide layer. Then the results of corrosion and wear tests to measure the wear and corrosion resistance of the oxide layer. As the results indicated, the specimen containing graphene (TiO2/Ti-G) has higher hardness, lower surface roughness, and about twice the thickness of oxide layer than the specimen without graphene (TiO2/Ti-F). In corrosion resistance, TiO2/Ti-G was at least about 30% more improved than TiO2/Ti-F, and TiO2/Ti-G7 was about 5 times better. In wear resistance, TiO2/Ti-G was at least 47% more improved than TiO2/Ti-F, and TiO2/Ti-G7 was about 80% better.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Wang, H.Y., Zhu, R.F., Lu, Y.P., Xiao, G.Y., Ma, X.N., and Li, Y., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2013, vol. 282, p. 271.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Williams, D.F., Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 1976, vol. 6, p. 237.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Hou, T., and Zhang, J.Z., Surf. Eng., 2007, vol. 23, p. 169.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Biswas, A., Manna, I., Chatterjee, U.K., Bhattacharyya, U., and Majundar, D.J., Surf. Eng., 2009, vol. 25, p. 141.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Dong, H., and Bell, T., Wear, 2000, vol. 238, p. 131.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. De Sena, L.A., Rocha, N.C.C., Andrade, M.C., and Soares, G.A., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2003, vol. 166, p. 254.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Wang, Y., Lei, T., Guo, L., and Jiang, B., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2006, vol. 252, p. 8113.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Li, J., Sun, M., and Ma, X., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2006, vol. 252, p. 7503.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Yetim, A.F., Yildiz, F., Vangolu, S.Y., Alsaran, A., and Çelik A., Wear, 2009, vol. 267, p. 2179.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Mateus, C., Costil, S., Bolot, R., and Coddet, C., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2005, vol. 191, p. 108.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Pawlowski, L., The Science and Engineering of Thermal Spray Coatings, England: John Wiley & Sons, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Gui, M.C., and Kang, S.B., Mater. Lett., 2000, vol. 46, p. 296.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Gui, M.C., Kang, S.B., and Euh, K., Scripta. Mater., 2005, vol. 52, p. 51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Salman, A., Gabbitas, B.L., Cao, P., and Zhang, D.L., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2011, vol. 205, p. 5000.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Ishikawa, K., Suzuki, T., Kitamura, Y., and Tobe, S., J. Therm. Spray Technol., 1999, vol. 8, p. 273.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Cramer, S.D., Covino. Jr., B.S., Holcomb, G.R., Bullard, S.J., Collins, W.K., Govier, R.D.R., Wilson, D., and Laylor, H.M., J. Therm. Spray Technol., 1999, vol. 8, p. 133.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Wang, H.R., Li, W.Y., Ma, L., Wang, J., and Wang, Q., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2007, vol. 201, p. 5203.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Wang, J.H., Du, M.H., Han, F.Z., and J. Yang, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2014, vol. 292, p. 658.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Yerokhin, A.L., Nie, X., Leyland, A., Matthews, A., and Dowey, S.J., Surf. Coat. Technol., 1999, vol. 122, p. 73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Tsutsumi, Y., Ashida, M., Nakahara, K., Serizawa, A., Doi, H., Grandini, C.R., Rocha, L.A., and Hanawa T., Mater. Trans., 2016, vol. 57, p. 2015.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Mu, M., Zhou, X., Xiao, Q., Liang, J., and Huo, X., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2012, vol. 258, p. 8570.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Aliasghari, S., Skeldon, P., and Thompson, G.E., Appl. Surf. Sci. 2014, vol. 316, p. 463.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Shen, M.J., Wang, X.J., and Zhang, M.F., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2012, vol. 259, p. 362.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Hussein, R.O., Nie, X., and Northwood, D.O., Electrochimi. Acta, 2013, vol. 112, p. 111.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Cheng, Y., Xue, Z., Wang, Q., Wu, X., Matykina, E., Skeldon, P., and Thompson, G.E., Electrochimi. Acta, 2013, vol. 107, p. 358.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Yeh,S., Tsai, D., Guan, S., and Chou, C., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2015, vol. 356, p. 135.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Alsaran, A., Purcek, G., Hacisalihoglu, I., Vangolu, Y., Bayrak, Ö., Karaman, I., and Celik, A., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2011, vol. 205, p. S537.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Yan, Y, Han, Y, Li, D., Huang, J., and Lian, Q., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2010, vol. 256, p. 6359.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Babaei, M., Dehghanian, C., and Vanaki, M., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2015, vol. 357, p. 712.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Hussein, R.O., Nie, X., and Northwood, D.O., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, vol. 205, p. 1659.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Quintero, D., Galvis, O., Calderón, J.A., Castaño, J.G., and Echeverría, F., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2014, vol. 258, p. 1223.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Aliofkhazraei, M., Sabour Rouhaghdam, A., and Shahrabi, T., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, vol. 205, p. S41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Wang, C., Hao, J., Xing, Y., Guo, C., and Chen, H., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2015, vol. 261, p. 201.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Matykina, E., Arrabal, R., Monfort, F., Skeldon, P., and Thompson, G.E., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2008, vol. 255, p. 2830.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Arrabal, R., Matykina, E., Skeldon, P., and Thompson, G.E., J. Mater. Sci., 2008, vol. 43 p. 1532.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Bayat, M.R., Zargara, H., Molaeia, R., Golestani-Farda, F., Kajbafvala, E., and Zanganeh, S., Colloids Surf. A, 2010, vol. 355, p. 187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Mu, M., Liang, J., Zhou, X., and Xiao, Q., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2013, vol. 214, p. 124.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Huang, C.C., Li, H.M., Lin, S.Y., and Li, D.H., Mater. Trans., 2021, vol. 62, p. 1462.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Wang, S.Y., Chao, S., Xia, Y.P., and Liu L., T. Nonferrr. Metal. Soc., 2015, vol. 25, p. 1926.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Aliofkhazraei, M., Sabour Rouhaghdam, A., and Shahrabi, T., Surf. Coat. Technol., vol. 205, p. S41.

  41. Kalisz, M., Grobelny, M., Mazur, M., Wojcieszak, D., Świniarski, M., Zdrojek, M., Domaradzki, J., and Kaczmarek, D., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2015, vol. 271, p. 92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Oakes, L., Cohn, A. P., Westover, A. S., and Pint, C. L., Mater. Lett., 2015, vol. 159, p. 261.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Lv, G.H., Chen, H., Gu, W.C., Feng, W.R., Li, L., Niu, E.W., Zhang, X.H., and Yang, S.Z., Curr. Appl. Phys., 2009, vol. 9, p. 324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Zhang, Y., Chen, F., Zhang, Y., Liu, Z., Wang, X., and Du, C., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2019, vol. 364, p. 144.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Lee, D.W., and Seo, J.W., J. Phys. Chem. C, 2011, vol. 115, p. 2705.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Si, Y., and Samulski, E. T., Nano Lett., 2008, vol. 8, p. 1679.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Albers, R.F., Bini, R.A., Souza Jr., J.B., Machado, D.T., and Varanda, L.C., Carbon, 2018, vol. 143, p. 73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Pang, W., Ni, Z., Wu, J., and Zhao, Y., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2018, vol. 434, p. 273.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Singh, V.K., Elomaa, O., Johansson, L.S., Hannula, S.P., and Koskinen, J., Carbon, 2014, vol. 79, p. 227.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Gupta, B., Kumar, N., Titovich, K.A., Ivanovich, K.V., Vyacheslavovich, S.A., and Dash, S., Surf. Interfaces, 2017, vol. 7, p. 6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Bordbar-Khiabani, A., Ebrahimi, S., and Yarmand, B., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2019, vol. 486, p. 153.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Sun,X., Jiang, Z., Xin, S., and Yao, Z., Thin Solid Films, 2005, vol. 471, p. 194.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Huang, C.C., Li, H.M., Li, D.H., and Lin, S.Y, Compos. Adv. Mater., 2021, vol. 30, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Ao, N., Liu, D.X., Wang, S.X., Zhao, Q., Zhang, X.H., and Zhang, M.M., J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2016, vol. 32, p. 1071.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Keelung Rd., Sec.4, Da’an Dist., 106335, Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)

    Chang-Chiun Huang & Huang-Ming Li

Authors
  1. Chang-Chiun Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Huang-Ming Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Huang-Ming Li.

Ethics declarations

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Huang, CC., Li, HM. Effect of Graphene Addition During Micro-Arc Oxidation Process on Wear and Corrosion Properties of Composite Oxide Layers. Prot Met Phys Chem Surf 59, 179–190 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070205123700326

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070205123700326

Keywords:

Search

Navigation