Abstract
The concept of generalization says: of any two related concepts, such as A and B, A is a “generalization” of concept B if every instance of concept B is also an instance of concept A, but not contrary. So, animal is a generalization of bird since a bird is an animal, and there are many other animals. In this view (and to start) consider a more complicated example: any car has a minimal set of vitally necessary attributes: 1—energy supply (storage), 2—engine, 3—framework, 4—transmission, 5—propulsive device (wheels, tracks ...), 6—command center (a person or computer). Actually, this obvious set has a universal character and may be generalized for all self-moving devices with some proper variations in point (5), e.g. an airplane’s propeller, submarine’s screw and so on. Amazingly, this set of vital attributes is also suitable for many living creatures, at least for mammals, birds, fish and possibly for some others. For instance, it would be essentially the same for humans, cats, dogs, squirrels ... and so on, if: 123—stomach, 23—heart, 3—spine, 4—nerves and muscles, 5—paws, 6—brain.
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Marichev, V.A. General concept of surface structure and elasticity of liquids. Prot Met Phys Chem Surf 48, 498–499 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070205112040119
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070205112040119