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Ru-Bentonite Catalyzed Green Knoevenagel Condensation of Substituted Benzaldehydes with Ethyl Cyanoacetate

  • CATALYSIS IN CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY
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Abstract

To develop Ru-incorporated bentonite clay as a heterogeneous base catalyst for use in Knoevenagel condensation as an alternative to hazardous base catalysts like pyridine, piperidine, etc., we purify the naturally occurring bentonite clay and Ru3+ cation incorporated into its interlayers of bentonite clayto improve its porosity and to increase the surface area of bentonite clay. Purified bentonite and Ru-bentonite were characterized by FTIR, PXRD, HRTEM, SEM & EDS, BET surface area analysis, and TGA. Base activation was done to these clays and a comparative study of these clays as recyclable heterogeneous catalysts for Knoevenagel Condensation was undertaken in water as a solvent for the chemical transformation of 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde with ethyl cyanoacetateinto their corresponding α,β- unsaturated acids. The products were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR analyses. The essential key points of this reaction are mild reaction conditions, absence of hazardous chemicals as used in classical Knoevenagel condensation, reusability of the catalyst, and high yield percentage of the products.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We acknowledge our institute Bodoland University for providing us with all the necessary information and tools required. We would like to express our gratitude to Dr. Sangeeta Agarwal, Cotton University, Guwahati for DRS and FTIR and NEHU Shillong for TGA. We would also like to thank Prof. Hilloljyoti Singha, HOD, Department of Zoology, Bodoland University for his valuable advice.

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This work was supported by ongoing institutional funding. No additional grants to carry out or direct this particular research were obtained.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Bodoland University, 783370, Kokrajhar, BTR, Assam, India

    Debasis Borah, Deepmoni Brahma,  Dipanwita Basak & Hemaprobha Saikia

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  1. Debasis Borah
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Correspondence to Hemaprobha Saikia.

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Debasis Borah, Brahma, D., Dipanwita Basak et al. Ru-Bentonite Catalyzed Green Knoevenagel Condensation of Substituted Benzaldehydes with Ethyl Cyanoacetate. Catal. Ind. 15, 420–433 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070050423040141

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