Abstract
Catalysts of the second stage of hydrocracking are tested under different conditions, reducing the time required to reach the level of steady-state activity. Tests are performed on a laboratory testbench under conditions (temperature, pressure, and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV)) close to industrial and typical of the second stage of hydrocracking. Introducing an additional preliminary stage at the start of tests at elevated temperatures and LHSVs while using a dimethyl disulfide solution in decane as a sulfiding mixture are shown to substantially reduce the time of experiment. Conditions of the preliminary stage that preserve the catalyst’s selectivity to diesel are selected.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Speight, J.G., The Refinery of the Future, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2011, ch. 9, pp. 275–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-8155-2041-2.10009-8
Singh, S.R., Chaturvedi, A., Dori, L., Ranjan, A., Lodhi, S.K., Singh, A., and Neeraj, G., Int. J. Sci. Res. Rev., 2013, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 27–35.
Parkash, S., Refining Processes Handbook, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2003, ch. 3, pp. 62–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-075067721-9/50003-7
Dahlberg, A.J. and Mukherjee, U.K., in Encyclopaedia of Hydrocarbons, Amadei, C., Ed., Rome: ENI/Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 2006, vol. 2, ch. 6, pp. 273–297.
Francis, J., Guillon, E., Bats, N., Pichon, C., Corma, A., and Simon, L.J., Appl. Catal., A, 2011, vols. 409–410, pp. 140–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2011.09.040
Gutberlet, L.C., Bertolacini, R.J., and Kukes, S.G., Energy Fuels, 1994, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 227–233. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00043a035
Dik, P.P., Klimov, O.V., Koryakina, G.I., Leonova, K.A., Pereyma, V.Yu., Budukva, S.V., Gerasimov, E.Yu., and Noskov, A.S., Catal. Today, 2014, vols. 220–222, pp. 124–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2013.07.004
De Jong, K.P., Zečević, J., Friedrich, H., de Jongh, P.E., Bulut, M., van Donk, S., Kenmogne, R., Finiels, A., Hulea, V., and Fajula, F., Angew. Chem., 2010, vol. 49, no. 52, pp. 10074–10078. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201004360
Ali, M.A., Tatsumi, T., and Masuda, T., Appl. Catal., A, 2002, vol. 233, nos. 1–2, pp. 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-860X(02)00121-7
Vogt, E.T.C., Gareth, W.T., Chowdhury, A.D., and Weckhuysen, B.M., Adv. Catal., 2015, vol. 58, pp. 143–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acat.2015.10.001
Dik, P.P., Danilova, I.G., Golubev, I.S., Kazakov, M.O., Nadeina, K.A., Budukva, S.V., Pereyma, V.Yu., Klimov, O.V., Prosvirin, I.P., Gerasimov, E.Yu., Bok, T.O., Dobryakova, I.V., Knyazeva, E.E., Ivanova, I.I., and Noskov, A.S., Fuel, 2019, vol. 237, pp. 178–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.10.012
Sullivan, R.F., Boduszynski, M.M., and Fetzer, J.C., Energy Fuels, 1989, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 603–612. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00017a013
Yan, T.Y., Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 1983, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 154–160. https://doi.org/10.1021/i200020a025
Yan, T.Y., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1989, vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 1463–1466. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00094a004
Yin, C., Wang, Y., Xue, S., Liu, H., Li, H., and Liu, C., Fuel, 2016, vol. 175, pp. 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.02.029
Berhault, G., Perez De la Rosa, M., Mehta, A., Yácaman, M.J., and Chianelli, R.R., Appl. Catal., A, 2008, vol. 345, no. 1, pp. 80–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2008.04.034
Pereyma, V.Yu., Klimov, O.V., Prosvirin, I.P., Gerasimov, E.Yu., Yashnik, S.A., and Noskov, A.S., Catal. Today, 2018, vol. 305, pp. 162–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2017.07.019
Sau, M., Basak, K., Manna, U., Santra, M., and Verma, R.P., Catal. Today, 2005, vol. 109, nos. 1–4, pp. 112–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2005.08.007
Kazakov, M.O., Nadeina, K.A., Danilova, I.G., Dik, P.P., Klimov, O.V., Pereyma, V.Yu., Gerasimov, E.Yu., Dobryakova, I.V., Knyazeva, E.E., Ivanova, I.I., and Noskov, A.S., Catal. Today, 2018, vol. 305, pp. 117–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2017.08.048
Kazakov, M.O., Nadeina, K.A., Danilova, I.G., Dik, P.P., Klimov, O.V., Pereyma, V.Yu., Paukshtis, E.A., Golubev, I.S., Prosvirin, I.P., Gerasimov, E.Yu., Dobryakova, I.V., Knyazeva, E.E., Ivanova, I.I., and Noskov, A.S., Catal. Today, 2019, vol. 329, pp. 108–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2019.01.003
Marafi, M., Stanislaus, A., and Furimsky, E., Handbook of Spent Hydroprocessing Catalysts, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2017, ch. 4, pp. 67–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63881-6.00004-4
Mendes, P.S.F., Silva, J.M., Ribeiro, M.F., Bouchy, C., and Daudin, A., J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 2019, vol. 71, pp. 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2018.11.019
Cui, G., Wang, J., Fan, H., Sun, X., Jiang, Y., Wang, S., Liu, D., and Gui, J., Fuel Process. Technol., 2011, vol. 92, no. 12, pp. 2320–2327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.07.020
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors are grateful to E.Yu. Gerasimov and S.A. Selishcheva for their help in our studies.
Funding
Our analysis of literature data and characterization of catalyst samples were supported by the RF Ministry of Science and Higher Education as part of a State Task for the Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, project no. AAAA-A21-121011890074-4.
Our tests of catalysts were supported by AO Gazpromneft Omsk Oil Refinery.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Translated by E. Glushachenkova
Publisher’s Note.
Pleiades Publishing remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Golubev, I.S., Dik, P.P., Kazakov, M.O. et al. The Influence of Test Conditions for the Second Hydrocracking Stage Catalysts on the Time to Reach Steady-State Activity. Catal. Ind. 15, 434–442 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070050423040074
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070050423040074