Abstract
Changes in the seasonal development of lilac species cultivated in the South-Ural Botanical Garden–Institute (Ufa, Russia) have been analyzed based on data collected in 2005–2010 and 2015–2020. Eleven lilac species that have already reached the generative phase are examined. All studied plants had been grown from seeds received from other botanical gardens in the 1950s–1960s. Phenological observations of lilac species are performed on an annual basis and cover nine phenological phases. The start time of the initial (bud opening and beginning of sprout growth) and final (leaf fall) phases of the growing season significantly depends on the weather conditions of a particular year. The role of species-specific (genetic) features at the beginning of seasonal development is insignificant (the species start vegetating simultaneously), but, starting from the flowering phenophase and until the end of the growing season, their role increases dramatically. Year-to-year differences in the middle of the growing season are of secondary importance. The following characteristics of phenological development rhythms are persistently dependent on meteorological fluctuations in different years: flowering time and vegetation duration. The succession of phenophases passed by different species does not change from year to year. Compared to the first decade of the 21st century, the growing season in the second decade begins later (by 4 days on average) and ends earlier (by 8 days on average), and flowering also begins 4 days later on average. In 2015–2020, flowering time decreased in the studied lilac species by 5–6 days when compared with the period 2005–2010. The vegetation duration decreased by 12 days on average. The above-listed phenomena are apparently caused by climatic changes in the Bashkir Cis-Ural region.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Agafonov, L.I. and Kukarskikh, V.V., Climate changes in the past century and radial increment of pine in the Southern Ural steppe, Russ. J. Ecol., 2008, vol. 39, pp. 160–167.
Air temperature and precipitation by months and years, Ufa (Bashkiria, Russia). http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/history/28722.htm. Cited January 7, 2022.
Büntgen, U., Frank, D.C., Nievergelt, D., and Esper, J., Summer temperature variations in the European Alps, A.D. 755–2004, J. Clim., 2006, vol. 19, pp. 5606–5623.
Fedorako, B.I., The main phenophases of tree species and shrubs in the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, in Fenologicheskie nablyudeniya v Bashkirii (Phenological Observations in Bashkiria), Ufa, 1959, pp. 50–54.
Firsov, G.A., Fadeeva, I.V., and Bulygin, N.E., Park and Arboretum of the St. Petersburg Forest Engineering Academy as a Scientific Center for Biological and Ecological Phenology, Prom. Bot., 2009, vol. 9, pp. 48–55.
Korsakova, S.P., Response of pheno-indicators of temperate latitudes to climate change in dry subtropics: modeling and forecast, Uchen. Zap. Krym. Fed. Univ. im. V.I. Vernandskogo, Biol., Khim., 2018, vol. 4 (70), no. 3, pp. 109–124.
Minin, A.A., Ananin, A.A., Buivolov, Yu.A., Larin, E.G., Lebedev, P.A., Polikarpova, N.V., Prokosheva, I.V., Rudenko, M.I., Sapelnikova, I.I., Fedotova, V.G., Shuiskaya, E.A., Yakovleva, M.V., and Yantser, O.V., Recommendations for the unification of phenological observations in Russia, Zapoved. Nauka, 2020, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 89–110. https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2020.060
Minin, A.A., Rankova, E.Ya., Rybina, E.G., Buivolov, Yu.A., Sapelnikova, I.I., and Filatova, T.D., Phenoindication of climate change for the period 1976-2005 in the central part of the European territory of Russia: warty birch (Betula verrucosa Ehrh. (Betula pendula Roth.)), bird cherry (Padus avium Mill.), common mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia L.), small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.), Probl. Ekol. Monit. Model. Ekosyst., 2017, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 73–90.
Ovaskainen, O., Skorokhodova, S., Yakovleva, M., Sukhov, A., Kutenkov, A., Shcherbakov, A., Meyke, E., and Delgado, M.M., Community-level phenological response to climate change, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 2013, vol. 110, no. 33, pp. 13434–13439.
Polyakova, N.V., Biology of seeds of lilac species in the botanical garden of Ufa, Nauchn. Vedomosti Belgorod. Gos. Univ., Ser.: Estestv. Nauki, 2011, vol. 14, no. 3-1, vol. 98, pp. 56–60.
Polyakova, N.V., The duration of flowering of lilac species and varieties in Ufa, Samar. Nauchn. Vestn., 2018, vol. 7, no. 1 (22), pp. 102–105.
Polyakova, N.V., Introduction of a protected species of Hungarian lilac (Syringa josikaea Jacg.) in the Southern Urals, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Sev.-Kavk. Reg., Estestv. Nauki, 2021, no. 1, pp. 122–126.
Polyakova, N.V., Putenikhin, V.P., and Vafin, R.V., Sireni v Bashkirskom Predural’e: introdukciya i biologicheskie osobennosti (Lilacs in the Bashkir Cis-Urals: Introduction and Biological Features), Ufa: Gilem, 2010.
Putenikhin, V.P., Putenikhina, K.V., and Shigapov, Z.Kh., Kedr sibirskii v Bashkirskom Predural’e i na Yuzhnom Urale: biologicheskie i lesovodstvennye osobennosti pri introduktsii (Siberian Stone Pine in the Bashkir Cis-Urals and the Southern Urals: Biological and Silvicultural Features During Introduction), Ufa: Bashk. Encyclopedia, 2017.
Rozno, S.A., Ecological and biological analysis of the results of the introduction of woody plants in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region, Cand. Sci. (Biol.) Dissertation, Samara, 2005.
Ryabchinsky, A.E. and Khalfina, L.I., Results of phenological observations of tree and shrub species in the arboretum of the Bashkir LOS for 1954-1967, Lesnoe khozyaistvo Bashkirskoi lesnoi opytnoi stantsii (Forestry of the Bashkir Forest Experimental Station), Ufa: Bashk. Kn. Izdat., 1973, vol. IX, pp. 78–88.
Skok, N.V. and Yantser, O.V., Studying the dynamics of landscape geocomplexes using phenological research methods, in Fiziko-geograficheskoe raionirovanie i landshafty Sverdlovskoi oblasti (Physical-Geographical Zoning and Landscapes of the Sverdlovsk Region), Yekaterinburg, 2016, pp. 239–262.
Vinnikov, K.Ya., Chuvstvitel’nost’ klimata (Climate Sensitivity), Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1986.
Vorobyov, D.P., Dikorastushchie derev’ya i kustarniki Dal’nego Vostoka (Wild Trees and Shrubs of the Far East), Leningrad: Nauka, 1968.
Yantser, O.V., General phenology and perspective directions of its development, Nauka Obraz.: Sovrem. Trendy, 2015, vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 71–80.
Yantser, O.V., Bioclimatic indicators as indicators of climate change in the Middle Urals, Materialy Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii “Geografiya i sovremennye problemy geograficheskogo obrazovaniya” (Proc. All-Russ. Sci. Pract. Conf. “Geography and Modern Problems of Geographical Education”), 2019, pp. 158–163.
Funding
This study was supported by the Program “Biodiversity of Natural Systems and Plant Resources of Russia: Condition Assessment, Monitoring of Dynamics, Conservation, Reproduction, Increase, and Wise Use” of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and performed as part of the State Assignment of the South-Ural Botanical Garden–Institute, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, theme no. FMRS-2022-0072.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Translated by L. Emeliyanov
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Polyakova, N.V., Shigapov, Z.K. Dynamics of Phenological Parameters in Some Lilac Species in a Changing Climate. Contemp. Probl. Ecol. 16, 158–165 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425523020117
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425523020117