Abstract
The diversity of vascular plants in Inner Asia has been researched; the main environmental factors determining the distribution of species belonging to various life forms and having different distribution range sizes have been identified. The key factors determining species diversity in Inner Asia are past climate changes and precipitation parameters. By contrast, the temperature conditions of the current climate do not affect the species richness significantly. The following current climatic parameters are important for woody plants: precipitation seasonality, mean precipitation in winter and spring, and diurnal range of temperature. Quite the opposite, the species richness of herbaceous plants is determined by climate-change velocity from the mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum, the spatial heterogeneity of precipitation, and mean summer temperatures. Over time, distribution ranges of rare plants in the studied region may be reduced due to the increasing aridization.
Similar content being viewed by others
Change history
20 October 2020
erratum
REFERENCES
Albuquerque, F.S. Olallatárraga, M.Á., Montoya, D., and Rodríguez, M.Á., Environmental determinants of woody and herb plant species richness patterns in Great Britain, Ecoscience, 2011, vol. 18, pp. 394–401.
Antonelli, A., Nylander, J.A.A., Persson, C., and Sanmartin, I., Tracing the impact of the Andean uplift on Neotropical plant evolution, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2009, vol. 106, no. 24, pp. 9749–9754.
Araújo, M.B., Nogués-Bravo, D., Diniz-Filho, J.A.F., Haywood, A.M., Valdes, P.J., and Rahbek, C., Quaternary climate changes explain diversity among reptiles and amphibians, Ecography, 2008, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 8–15.
Chistyakov, K.V., Landscapes of Inner Asia: dynamics, history, and use, Doctoral (Geogr.) Dissertation, St. Petersburg, 2001.
Chistyakov, K.V., Natural and anthropogenic factors in the history of steppe depressions of the northeast of Inner Asia, Materialy III Mezhdunarodnogo simpoziuma “Stepi Severnoi Evrazii” (Proc. III Int. Symp. “Steppes of Northern Eurasia”), Orenburg, 2003, pp. 572–575.
Dai, A.G., Trenberth, K.E., and Qian, T.T., A global dataset of Palmer Drought Severity Index for 1870–2002: relationship with soil moisture and effects of surface warming, J. Hydrometeorol., 2004, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 1117–1130.
Dirnböck, T., Essl, F., and Rabitsch, W., Disproportional risk for habitat loss of high-altitude endemic species under climate change, Global Change Biol., 2011, vol. 17, pp. 990–996.
Dorofeyuk, N.I., Reconstruction of environmental conditions of Inner Asia in Later Ice Period and Holocene according to diatom and Palynological analyzes of lake sediments in Mongolia, Extended Abstract of Doctoral (Biol.) Dissertation, Moscow, 2008.
Drobyshev, Yu.I., About definition “Central Asia,” Tsentr. Aziya Yuzh. Sib., 2009, no. 41, pp. 104–138.
Gamalei, Yu.V., Climatic adaptogenesis of life forms of higher plants, Usp. Sovrem. Biol., 2015, vol. 135, no. 4, pp. 323–336.
Girvetz, E.H., Zganjar, C., Raber, G.T., Maurer, E.P., Kareiva, P., and Lawler, J.J., Applied climate-change analysis: the climate wizard tool, PLoS One, 2009, vol. 4, no. 12, p. e8320. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008320
Gries, D., Zeng, F., Foetzki, A., Arndt, S.K., Bruelheide, H., Thomas, F.M., Zhang, X., and Runge, M., Growth and water relations of Tamarix ramosissima and Populus euphratica on Taklamakan desert dunes in relation to depth to a permanent water table, Plant, Cell Environ., 2003, vol. 26, pp. 725–736.
Hamann, A., Roberts, D.R., Barber, Q.E., Carroll, C., and Nielsen, S.E., Velocity of climate change algorithms for guiding conservation and management, Global Change Biol., 2015, vol. 21, pp. 997–1004.
Hoorn, C., Wesselingh, F.P., ter Steege, H., Bermudez, M.A., Mora, A., Sevink, J., Sanmartín, I., Sanchez-Meseguer, A., Anderson, C.L., Figueiredo, J. P., Jaramillo, C., Riff, D., Negri, F.R., Hooghiemstra, H., Lundberg, J., et al., Amazonia through time: Andean uplift, climate change, landscape evolution, and biodiversity, Science, 2010, vol. 330, no. 6006, pp. 927–931.
Hughes, C.E. and Atchison, G.W., The ubiquity of alpine plant radiations: from the Andes to the Hengduan Mountains, New Phytol., 2015, vol. 207, pp. 275–282.
Lavrenko, E.M., Karamysheva, Z.V., and Nikulina, R.I., Stepi Evrazii (Steppes of Eurasia), Leningrad: Nauka, 1991.
Li, H. and Yang, X., Temperate dryland vegetation changes under a warming climate and strong human intervention—With a particular reference to the district Xilin Gol, Inner Mongolia, China, Catena, 2014, vol. 119, pp. 9–20.
Linder, H.P., Plant species radiations: where, when, why? Philos. Trans. R. Soc., B, 2008, vol. 363, no. 1506, pp. 3097–3105.
Liu, Y., Su, X., Shrestha, N., Wang, S., Xu, X., Li, Y., Wang, Q., Sandanov, D., and Wang, Z., Effects of contemporary environment and Quaternary climate change on dryland plant diversity differ between growth forms, Ecography, 2019, vol. 42, pp. 334–345.
Loarie, S.R., Duffy, P.B., Hamilton, H., Asner, G.P., Field, C.B., and Ackerly, D.D., The velocity of climate change, Nature, 2009, vol. 462, pp. 1052–1055.
Miehe, G., Schlütz, F., Miehe, S., Opgenoorth, L., Vermak, J., Ravčigijn, S., Jäger, J., and Wesche, K., Mountain forest islands and Holocene environmental changes in central Asia: a case study from the southern Gobi Altay, Mongolia, Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 2007, vol. 250, pp. 150–166.
Mitchell, T.D. and Jones, P.D., An improved method of constructing a database of monthly climate observations and associated high-resolution grids, Int. J. Climatol., 2005, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 693–712.
Mohammat, A., Wang, X., Xu, X., Peng, L., Yang, Y., Zhang, X., Myneni, R.B., and Piao, S., Drought and spring cooling induced recent decrease in vegetation growth in Inner Asia, Agric. For. Meteorol., 2013, vols. 178–179, pp. 21–30.
Nemani, R.R., Keeling, C.D., Hashimoto, H., Jolly, W.M., Piper, S.C., Tucker, C.J., Myneni, R.B., and Running, S.W. Climate-driven increases in global terrestrial net primary production from 1982 to 1999, Science, 2003, vol. 300, no. 5625, pp. 1560–1563.
Olson, D.M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E.D., Burgess, N.D., Powell, G.V.N., Underwood, E.C., D’Amigo, J.A., Itoua, I., Strand, H.E., Morrison, J.C., Loucks, C.J., Allnut, T.F., Ricketts, T.H., Kura, Y., Lamoreux, J.F., et al., Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth, BioScience, 2001, vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 933–938.
Petrov, K.M., Biogeografiya s osnovami okhrany biosfery (Biogeography with Basis of Biosphere Protection), St. Petersburg: S.-Peterb. Gos. Univ., 2001.
Rosenblad, K.C., Perret, D.L., and Sax, D.F., Niche syndromes reveal climate-driven extinction threat to island endemic conifers, Nat. Clim. Change, 2019, vol. 9, pp. 627–631.
Sandel, B., Arge, L., Dalsgaard, B., Davies, R.G., Gaston, K.J., Sutherland, W.J., and Svenning, J.-C., The influence of Late Quaternary climate-change velocity on species endemism, Science, 2011, vol. 334, no. 6056, pp. 660–664.
Serebryakov, I.G., Ekologicheskaya morfologiya rastenii. Zhiznennye formy pokrytosemennykh i khvoinykh (Ecological Morphology of the Plants. Life Forms of Angiosperms and Coniferous), Moscow: Vysshaya Shkola, 1962.
Sheremet’ev, S.N. and Gamalei, Yu.V., Trends of the herbs ecological evolution, Zh. Obshch. Biol., 2009, vol. 70, no. 6, pp. 459–483.
Skripchinskii, V.V., Evolyutsiya ontogeneza rastenii (Evolution of the Plant Ontogenesis), Moscow: Nauka, 1977.
Smirnova, O.V., Palenova, M.M., and Komarov, A.S., Ontogeny of different life forms of plants and specific features of age and spatial structure of their populations, Russ. J. Dev. Biol., 2002, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 1–10.
Smith, S.A. and Beaulieu, J.M., Life history influences rates of climatic niche evolution in flowering plants, Proc. R. Soc. B, 2009, vol. 276, no. 1677, pp. 4345–4352.
Stein, A., Beck, J., Meyer, C., Waldmann, E., Weigelt, P., and Kreft, H., Differential effects of environmental heterogeneity on global mammal species richness, Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 2015, vol. 24, pp. 1072–1083.
Tietjen, B., Jeltsch, F., Zehe, E., Classen, N., Groengroeft, A., Schiffers, K., and Oldeland, J., Effects of climate change on the coupled dynamics of water and vegetation in drylands, Ecohydrology, 2009, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 226–237.
Tishkov, A.A., Biogeographical consequences of natural and anthropogenic climate changes, Biol. Bull. Rev., 2012, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 132–140.
Urgamal, M. and Oyuntsetseg, B., Atlas of the Endemic Vascular Plants of Mongolia, Ulananbaatar, 2017.
Vale, C.G. and Brito, G.C., Desert-adapted species are vulnerable to climate change: insights from the warmest region on Earth, Global Ecol. Conserv., 2015, vol. 4, pp. 369–379.
Watanabe, S., Hajima, T., Sudo, K., Nagashima, T., Takemura, T., Okajima, H., Nozawa, T., Kawase, H., Abe, M., and Yokohata, T., MIROC-ESM 2010: model description and basic results of CMIP5-20c3m experiments, Geosci. Model. Dev., 2011, vol. 4, pp. 845–872.
Werneck, F.P., Costa, G.C., Colli, G.R., Prado, D.E., and Sites, J.W., Revisiting the historical distribution of seasonally dry tropical forests: new insights based on palaeodistribution modeling and palynological evidence, Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 2011, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 272–288.
Wesche, K., Ambarli, D., Kamp, J., Török, P., Treiber, J., and Dengler, J., The Palaearctic steppe biome: a new synthesis, Biodiversity Conserv., 2016, vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 1–35.
Yu, F., Price, K.P., Ellis, J., Feddema, J.J., and Shi, P., Interannual variations of the grassland boundaries bordering the eastern edges of the Gobi Desert in central Asia, Int. J. Remote Sens., 2004, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 327–346.
Zhang, G., Kang, Y., Han, G., and Sakurai, K., Effect of climate change over the past half century on the distribution, extent and NPP of ecosystems of Inner Mongolia, Global Change Biol., 2011, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 377–389.
Funding
This study was partially performed as part of the state assignment, project no. AAAA-A17-117011810036-3, and supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 19-54-53014.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interests. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Statement on the welfare of humans or animals. This article does not contain any studies involving animals performed by any of the authors.
Additional information
Translated by L. Emeliyanov
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sandanov, D.V., Liu, Y., Wang, Z. et al. Woody and Herbaceous Plants of Inner Asia: Species Richness and Ecogeorgraphic Patterns. Contemp. Probl. Ecol. 13, 360–369 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425520040101
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425520040101