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Instability Stabilized: Mechanisms of Evolutionary Stasis and Genetic Diversity Accumulation in Fishes and Lampreys from Environments with Unstable Abiotic Factors

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Contemporary Problems of Ecology Aims and scope

Abstract

As studies have shown, individuals from well morphologically distinct groups often represent the same species and may even belong to one population in fishes and lampreys from environments with unstable abiotic factors (Arctic, mountain, and desert regions). Phenotypic plasticity ensures broad variation ranges of morphological traits in unstable conditions, which require rapid transitions from one morphogenetic variant to another. The choice of a morphogenetic pathway can be influenced by the level of individual heterozygosity, changes in the copy numbers of certain DNA sequences, heteroplasmy, and the presence of several allelic variants in the genes that strongly affect the phenotype. A cyclic character is often observed for evolutionary processes driven by these mechanisms, and speciation usually does not take place in unstable environmental conditions. However, mobilization reserve accumulate in a species with a broad reaction norm, and particular morphogenetic pathways may be genetically fixed when its population finds its way into stable environmental conditions, facilitating fast allopatric speciation.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to Yu.P. Altukhov, I.N. Bolotov, E.A. Borovikova, I.V. Vikhrev, Yu.Yu. Dgebuadze, E.Yu. Krysanov, K.V. Kuzishchin, B.M. Mednikov, M.V. Mina, V.M. Spitsyn, and V.S. Fridman for helpful discussions of the problems considered in the review. The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 16-14-10001).

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  1. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russia

    A. A. Makhrov & V. S. Artamonova

  2. Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center” of Russian Academy of Sciences, 660036, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

    A. A. Makhrov & V. S. Artamonova

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“The face of Nature in a vast expanse was naught but Chaos uniformly waste. It was a rude and undeveloped mass, that nothing made except a ponderous weight; and all discordant elements confused, were there congested in a shapeless heap” (Ovidii, 2017)

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Makhrov, A.A., Artamonova, V.S. Instability Stabilized: Mechanisms of Evolutionary Stasis and Genetic Diversity Accumulation in Fishes and Lampreys from Environments with Unstable Abiotic Factors. Contemp. Probl. Ecol. 13, 370–381 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425520040083

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