Abstract
The Indian hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822), is a highly valued fish of the Indo Pacific region. This paper represents the length-weight relationships (LWR), condition factor (K), relative condition factor (Kn), and otolith dimension of hilsa, throughout the Hooghly River (West Bengal) from January to December 2020. The value of exponent “b” in the equation W = cLb was 2.6 for the species. It suggests the growth rate almost follows the cube law. Most of the population under study complied with the ideal b-value. Regression analysis indicated a high positive correlation between length and weight in the species (R2 = 0.76). The Kn shows their general well-being to be good in the river. The relationships between total fish weight and otolith biometry parameters such as long arm (L.A) length, short arm (S.A) length, L.A/S.A, and diameter (D) were examined. Linear regressions have represented fish weight-otolith biometry relationships. Regression analysis indicated a strong positive relationship between body weight and otolith length (R2 = 0.848), otolith diameter (R2 = 0.803), and short arm length of otolith (R2 = 0.678), but no relationship was found between L.A/S.A of otolith and fish weight. This strong relationship between fish weight and otolith length and diameter of T. ilisha, reflects that otolith length and diameter could become the best predictor of fish weight.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Amin, S.M.N., Rahman, M.A., Halder, G.C., and Mazid, M.A., Studies on age, growth and exploitation level of Tenualosa ilisha in the coastal region of Chittaong, Bangladesh, J. Inland Fish. Soc. India, 2001, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 1–5.
Anderson, R.O. and Gutreuter, S.J., Length, weight, and associated structural indices, in Fisheries Techniques, Nielsen, L.A. and Johnson, D.L., Eds., Bethesda: Am. Fish. Soc., 1983, pp. 283–300.
Battaglia, P., Malara, D., Romeo, T., and Andaloro, F., Relationships between otolith size and fish size insome mesopelagic and bathypelagic species from the Mediterranean Sea (Strait of Messina, Italy), Sci. Mar., 2010, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 605–612. https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2010.74n3605
Bhaumik, U. and Sharma, A.P., Present Status of Hilsa in Hooghly-Bhagirathi River, Barrackpore, 2012, vol. 42, no. 179. https://www.cifri.res.in/Bulletin.
Brown, M.E., Experimental studies on growth, in The Physiology of Fishes, New York: Academic, 1957, pp. 361–400.
Cren, E.D., The length-weight relationship and seasonal cycle in gonad weight and condition in perch, Perca fluviatilis, J. Anim. Ecol., 1951, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 201–219. https://doi.org/10.2307/1540
Eroglu, M., Otolith size-total length relationship in Spiny eel Mastacembelus mastacembelus (BANKS & SOLANDER, 1794) in habiting in Karakaya dam lake (Malatya, Turkey), J. Fish. Sci. Com., 2009, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 342–351. https://doi.org/10.3153/jfscom.2009039
Ezekiel, E.N. and Abowei, J.F.N., A study of length-weight relationship and condition factor of Hepsetus odoe (Bloch, 1794) from Amassoma flood plains, Biol. Ann. Sci., 2014, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 10–17.
Fagbenro, O.A., Olaniran, T.S., and Esan, A.O., Some aspects of the biology of the catfish, Heterobranchus bidorsalis Geoffrey Saint-Hillarie, 1809 (family Clariidae) in river Ogbese, Nigeria, J. Afr. Zool., 1991, vol. 105, pp. 363–372.
Fulton, T.W., The Rate of Growth of Fishes. Twenty-Second Annual Report, Part—III, Edinburgh: Fish. Board Scotl., 1904, vol. 3, pp. 141–241.
Granadeiro, J.P. and Silva, M.A., The use of otoliths and vertebrae in the identification and size-estimation of fish in predator-prey studies, Cybium, 2000, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 383–393.
Herick, S.D.S., Amanda, C.R., and Carolina, V.M.V., Otolith morphometry provides length and weight predictions and insights about capture sites of Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae), Neotrop. Ichthyol., 2018, vol. 16, no. 4, p. e180094. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20180094
Hile, R., Morphometry of the eisco, Leucichthys artedi (Le Sueur), in the lakes of the Northeastern Highlands, Wisconsin, Int. Rev. Hydrobiol., 1938, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 57–130. https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19380360103
Hossain, M.Y., Ahmed, Z.F., Leunda, P.M., et al., Condition, length-weight and length-length relationships of the Asian striped catfish Mystus vittatus (Bloch, 1794) (Siluriformes: Bagridae) in the Mathabhanga River, southwestern Bangladesh, J. Appl. Ichthyol., 2006b, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 304–307. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00803
Hunt, J.J., Morphological characteristics of otoliths for selected fish in the northwest Atlantic, J. Northwest Atl. Fish. Sci., 1992, vol. 13, pp. 63–75. https://doi.org/10.2960/J.v13.a5
Javor, B., Lo, N., and Vetter, R., Otolith morphometrics and population structure of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) along the west coast of North America, Fish. Bull., 2019, vol. 109, no. 4, pp. 402–415.
Jawad, L.A., Ambuali, A., Al-Mamry, J.M., and Al-Busaidi, H.K., Relationships between fish length andotolith length, width and weight of the Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817) collected from the sea of Oman, Ribarstvo, 2011, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 51–61.
Khodadai, M. and Emadi, H., Aging of Epinephelus coioides by using of section of sagita in province waters (Persian Gulf, Khouzestan), Pajouhesh-Va-Sazandegi, 2004, vol. 63, pp. 2–11.
King, M., Fisheries Biology, Assessment and Management, Oxford: Fishing News Books, 1995.
Lychakov, D.V. and Rebane, Y.T., Fish otolith mass asymmetry: morphometry and influence on acoustic functionality, Hearing Res., 2005, vol. 201, nos. 1–2, pp. 55–69.
Lychakov, D.V., Rebane, Y.T., Lombarte, A., et al., Fish otolith asymmetry: morphometry and modeling, Hearing Res., 2006, vol. 219, nos. 1–2, p. 11.
Mandal, S., Lal K.K., Singh R.K., et al., Comparative length-weight relationship and condition factor and marine environments of Hilsa Shad Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) from freshwater, estuarine in India, Indian J. Fish., 2018, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 33–41. https://doi.org/10.21077/ijf.2018.65.2.73732-04
Martin, W.R., The Mechanics of Environmental Control of Body Form in Fishes, Publ. Ontario Fish. Res. Lab., 1949, vol. 70, pp. 1–91.
Martin-Smith, K.H., Length/weight relationships of fishes in a diverse tropical freshwater community, Sabah, Malaysia, J. Fish Biol., 1996, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 731–734.
Mohan, D. and Jhajhria, A., Comparative growth and production studies of carps in Shekhawat pond, Jodhpur, The National Conference (NATCON) of Anatomical Society of India, 2001, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 123–130.
Parida, S., Karna, S.K., Pradhan, S.K., et al., Length-Weight relationship and condition factor of Lizamacrolepis (SMITH, 1946) in Chilika lagoon, Odisha, India, J. Global Biosci., 2013, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 116–120.
Pauly, D., Editorial. Fish Byte Section, Naga: ICLARMQ, 1993, vol. 16, nos. 2–3, pp. 26.
Pavlov, D.A., Differentiation of Three Species of the genus Upeneus (Mullidae) based on otolith shape analysis, J. Ichthyol., 2016, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 41–55.
Petrakis, G. and Stergiou, K.I., Weight-length relationships for 33 fish species in Greek waters, Fish. Res., 1995, vol. 21, pp. 465–469.
Pillay, T.V.R., Biology of the hilsa, Hilsa ilisha (Hamilton) of the river Hooghly, Indian J. Fish., 1958, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 201–257.
Pombo, L., Elliott, M., and Rebelo, J.E., Ecology, age and growth of Atherina boyeri and Atherina presbyterin the Riade Aveiro, Portugal, Cybium, 2005, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 47–55.
Radkhah, A. and Eagderi, S., Length-weight and length-length relationships and condition factor of six cyprinid fish species from Zarrineh River (Urmia Lake basin, Iran), Iran. J. Ichthyol., 2015, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 61–64. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v2i1.12
Ricker, W.E., Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations, J. Fish Res. Board Can., 1975, vol. 191, pp. 1–382.
Rizkalla, S.I. and Bakhoum, S.A., Some biological aspects of atlantic stargazer Uranoscopus scaber Linnaeus, 1758 (Family: Uranoscopidae) in the Egyptian Mediterranean water, Turk. J. Fish Aquat. Sci., 2009, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 59–66.
Rodgveller, C.J., Hutchinson, C.E., Harris, J.P., et al., III. Otolith shape variability and associated body growth differences in giant grenadier, Albatrossia pectoralis, PLoS One, 2017, vol. 12, no. 6, p. e0180020. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180020
Safran, P., Theoretical analysis of the weight–length relationships in the juveniles, Mar. Biol., 1992, vol. 112, pp. 545–551.
Sarkar, U.K., Dwivedi, A.K., Mir, J.I., et al., Relationships between fish size and otolith length in the wild population of catfish, Clarias magur (Linn.) (family Clariidae) in River Ganga basin, J. Indian Fish. Assoc., 2017, vol. 44, pp. 37–42.
Škeljo, F. and Ferri, J., The use of otolith shape and morphometry for identification and size-estimation of five wrasse species in predator-prey studies, J. Appl. Ichthyol., 2012, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 524–530.
Tarkan, A.S., Gaygusuz, Ç.G., Gaygusuz, Ö., and Acipinar, H., Use of bone and otolith measures for size-estimation of fish in predator–prey studies, Folia Zool., 2007, vol. 56, pp. 328–336.
Uddin, S.K.N., Ghosh, S., and Maity, J., Length weight relationship and condition factor of Penaeus monodon (Fabricius,1798) from Digha coast, West Bengal India, Int. J. Fish. Aquat. Stud., 2016, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 168–172.
Waessle, J.A., Lasta, C.A., and Favero, M., Morfología de otolito y relaciones de tamaño corporal paraesciénidos juveniles en el estuario del Río de la Plata (35–36°S), Sci. Mar., 2003, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 233–240. https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2003.67n2233
Zamani, F.M., Eagderi, S., and Ghojoghi, F., Length-weight relationship and condition factor of seven fish species of Totkabon River (southern Caspian Sea basin), Guilan, Iran, Int. J. Aquat. Biol., 2015, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 172–176.
Funding
Authors are grateful to the Department of Higher Education, Science and Technology and Biotechnology, Govt. of West Bengal for providing funds in Major Research Project (Memo no. 696 (Sanc.)/ST/P/S).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interests. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Statement on the welfare of animals. This article does not use any live specimen. The specimen was dead but fresh in condition.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note.
Pleiades Publishing remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Abbreviations: K—condition factor, Kn—relative condition factor, L.A—long arm length, S.A—short arm length.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Majhi, B.M., Lianthumluaia, Sarkar, U.K. et al. Understanding Relationship between Length and Weight with Otolith Dimension of Tenualosa ilisha from Hooghly River (India). Inland Water Biol 16, 1134–1140 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082923060160
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082923060160