Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Free-Living Ciliates of the Deepwater Part of the Kama Reservoirs

  • ZOOPLANKTON, ZOOBENTHOS, ZOOPERIPHYTON
  • Published:
Inland Water Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The species composition (113 species) and distribution of free-living ciliates of the deepwater zone of the Kama cascade of reservoirs were studied in the summer low-water period in 2014 and 2016. A slight decrease in the species diversity from top to bottom along the Kama River is demonstrated; its comparison with the indices of species diversity in the Volga cascade of reservoirs is carried out. The composition of structure-forming species (from the order Tintinnida, order Choreotrichida, and subclass Scuticociliatia) and their distribution over the water area of individual reservoirs and along the longitudinal axis of the cascade are analyzed. The number of ciliates in the area from the village of Pyskor to Atabaevo varies within 119 000–4892 000 individuals/m3, biomass varies from 1.4 to 186 mg/m3, and production varies from 1.1 to 134 mg/m3. Maximal indices are noted near the mouth of the Belaya River; minimal ones are noted at deepwater stations with oxygen deficiency in the bottom layers. The spatial distribution of quantitative indices of the ciliate community by morphological regions of the reservoirs is considered. The formation of sharp gradients of abiotic factors (particularly, oxygen content) leads to the synchronization of the ciliate community parameters and their high variability (oscillation amplitude). A saprobiological estimation of reservoirs by ciliates (indicators of environmental saprobity) is given: water in the reservoirs is a β-α-mesosaprobic zone. The highest saprobity indices are typical for the stations in the area of wastewater discharge and stations with large depths in the near-dam areas of the reservoirs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.

REFERENCES

  1. Beaver, J.R. and Crisman, T.L., The role of ciliated protozoa in pelagic freshwater ecosystems, Microb. Ecol., 1989, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 111–136.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Belihov, D.V., Sanitary and biological research of the Iset rivers, Chusovoi i Volgi v zone Kuibyshevskogo vodohranilishcha (Sanitary-Biological Research of the Rivers Iset, Chusovaya and the Volga River in the Zone of the Kuybyshev Reservoir), Kazan, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Belyaeva, P.G., Mineeva, N.M., Sigareva, L.E., Timofeeva, N.A., and Makarova, O.S., Content of the pigments in water and bottom sediments of the Kama River reservoirs, Tr. Inst. Biol. Vnutr. Vod im. I.D. Papanina Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2018, vol. 81, no. 84, pp. 97–104.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Berninger, U.G., Finlay, B.J., and Canter, H.M., The spatial distribution and ecology of zoochlorellae-bearing ciliates in a productive pond, J. Protozool., 1986, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 557–563.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Berninger U.G., Finlay, B.J., and Kuuppo-Leinikki, Р., Protozoan control of bacterial abundances in freshwater, Limnol. Oceanogr., 1991, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 139–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bykova, P.V., Free-living ciliates of the tributaries and reservoirs of the Kama River during the summer low water period of 2009, in Okruzhayushchaya sreda i ustoichivoe razvitie regionov. Tom I: Teoriya i metody izucheniya i okhrany okruzhayushchei sredy ehkologicheskie osnovy prirodopolzovaniya (Environment and Sustainable Development of Regions. Vol. I: Theory and Methods of Studying and Protecting the Environment, Ecological Foundations of Nature Management), Latypova, V.Z., Ermolaeva, O.P., Rogovaya, T.V., and Zaripov, Sh.H., Eds., Kazan: Otechestvo, 2013, pp. 281–287.

  7. Bykova, P.V., Ciliates of the Kama Reservoir basin and its saprobiological assessment, Voda: Khim. Ekol., 2017, no. 8, pp. 48–55.

  8. Bykova, P.V., Free-living ciliates of reservoirs of the Volga cascade in 2016–2017: composition and distribution, in Sbornik tezisov dokladov Vserossiiskoi konferentsii “Volga i ee zhizn’” (Collect. Abstr. All-Russ. Conf. “Volga and Its Life”), Yaroslavl: Filigran’, 2018, p. 15.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bykova, P.V. and Zharikov, V.V., Ciliates of the shallow zone of the Kama cascade reservoirs and tributaries of the Kama Reservoir in the period of spring flood, Izv. Samar. Nauchn. Tsentra Ross. Akad. Nauk 2014, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 235–243.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bykova, P.V. and Zharikov, V.V., Ciliates of Votkinsk Reservoir, Samar. Luka: Probl. Reg. Global’noi Ekol., 2016, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 167–174.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Dvinskih, P.A. and Kitaev, A.B., Gidrologiya Kamskikh vodokhranilishch (Hydrology of Kama Reservoirs), Dvinskih, P.A. and Kitaev, A.B., Eds., Perm: Perm. Gos. Univ., 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Dvinskih, P.A. and Kitaev, A.B., Features of formation of the chemical composition of surface waters of the humid zone (for example Perm edge), Probl. Reg. Ekol., 2011, no. 5, pp. 29–34.

  13. Dvinskih, P.A. and Berezina, O.A., To the question of division into districts of the Nizhne-Kamsky water basin, Geogr. Vestn., 2010, vol. 4, no. 15, pp. 31–37.

  14. Ehkologicheskie problemy Verhnej Volgi: Kollektivnaya monografiya (Ecological Problems of the Upper Volga: Collective Monograph), Yaroslavl: Yarosl. Gos. Tekh. Univ., 2001.

  15. Foissner, W., Berger, H., and Schaumdurg, J., Identification and ecology of limnetic plancton ciliates, in Informationsberichte des Bayern. Hf. 3/99, Munchen: Landesamtes für Wasserwirtschaft, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gates, M.A., Quantitative importance of ciliates in the planktonic biomass of lake ecosystems, Hydrobiologia, 1984, vol. 108, no. 3, pp. 233–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Khlebovich, T.V., Methods of studying the state of the forage base of fishery water bodies, Sb. Tr. Gos. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Ozer. Rech. Rybn. Khoz., 1983, vol. 196, pp. 57–60.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Kondratieva, T.A., Assessment of water quality of the rivers Meshi, Kazanka and Sviyaga on biological indicators. Planktonic ciliates, in Ekologicheskie problemy malykh rek respubliki Tatarstan (Environmental Problems of Small Rivers of the Republic of Tatarstan), Kazan: Fen, 2003, pp. 226–228.

  19. Korneva, L.G., Fitoplankton vodokhranilishch basseina Volgi (The Phytoplankton of Reservoirs of the Volga Basin), Kopylova, A.I., Ed., Kostroma: Kostrom. Pechatnyi Dom, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Korneva, L.G., Solovyeva, V.V., Makarova, O.S., Grechukhina, L.G., and Tarasova, N.G., Distribution of phytoplankton in the Volga River reservoirs in summer 2015, Tr. Inst. Biol. Vnutr. Vod im. I.D. Papanina Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2018, vol. 82, no. 85, pp. 21–27.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Lazareva, V.I., Stepanova, I.E., Tsvetkov, A.I., Pryanichnikova, E.G., and Perova, P.N., The oxygen regime in the Volga and Kama reservoirs during the period of climate warming: impact on zooplankton and zoobenthos, Tr. Inst. Biol. Vnutr. Vod im. I.D. Papanina Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2018, vol. 81, no. 84, pp. 47–84.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Mamaeva, N.V., Ciliates as a component of the plankton community, Extended Abstract Doctoral (Biol.) Dissertation, Leningrad, 1986.

  23. Mamaeva, N.V., Infuzorii basseina Volgi (Ciliates of the Volga Basin), Leningrad: Nauka, 1979.

  24. Mamaeva, N.V. and Kopylov, A.I., To study the nutrition of freshwater infusoria, Tsitologiya, 1978, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 472–476.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Matarzin, Yu.M. and Mackevich, I.K., Morphometry and zoning of reservoirs issues, in Voprosy formirovaniya vodokhranilishch i ikh vliyaniya na prirodu i khozyaistvo (Issues of Reservoirs Formation and Their Impact on Nature and Economy), Perm: Perm. Gos. Univ., 1970, vol. 1, pp. 92–111.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Melekhin, M.S., Ciliates of the Votkinsk Reservoir, Materialy dokladov II Vserossiiskoi molodezhnoi konferentsii “Rybokhozyaistvennye issledovaniya na vnutrennikh vodoemakh” (Proc. All-Russ. Youth Conf. “Fishery Research in Inland Waters”), St. Petersburg: Gos. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Ozern. Rechn. Rybn. Khoz., 2016, pp. 242–249.

  27. Mordukhai-Boltovskaya, E.D. and Sorokin, Yu.I., Feeding of ciliates on algae and bacteria, Tr. Inst. Biol. Vnutr. Vod, 1965, vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 12–14.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Mylnikova, Z.M., Planktonic ciliates of Kama reservoirs, Biol. Vnutr. Vod. Inf. Bull., 1990, no. 86, pp. 38–41.

  29. Obolkina, L.A., Planktonnye infuzorii ozera Baikal (Planktonic Ciliates of Lake Baikal), Obolkina, L.A., Ed., Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Passport of the priority project “Preservation and prevention of pollution of the Volga River,” approved by the Council Presidium under the President of the Russian Federation for Strategic Development and Priority Projects, protocol dated August 30, 2017 no. 9. Access from the reference-legal system “ConsultantPlus.”

  31. Porter, K.G., Sherr, E.B., Sherr, B.F., Pace, M., and Sanders, R.W., Protozoa in planktonic food webs, J. Protozool., 1985, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 409–415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Resolution of the government of the Russian Federation of April 24, 1998 no. 414 “On the Federal target program “Improvement of ecological situation on the Volga river and its tributaries, restoration and prevention of degradation of natural complexes of the Volga basin for the period up to 2010” (the program “Revival of the Volga”),” in Sobranie zakonodatel’stva Rossiiskoi Federatsii (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation), 1998, no. 18.

  33. Rotar’, Yu.M., Planktonic ciliates of the Kuibyshev Reservoir, Cand. Sci. (Biol.) Dissertation, St. Petersburg, 1995.

  34. Shakirova, F.M., Govorkova, L.K., and Anokhina, O.K., The current state of the Nizhnekamsk Reservoir and the possibility of rational development of its fish resources, Izv. Samar. Nauchn. Tsentra Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2013, vol. 15, no. 3 (1), pp. 518–527.

  35. Tsvetkov, A.I. and Tsvetkova, M.V., Inflow of the Volga-Kama cascade reservoirs in the period of extreme water content in 2017, Sbornik tezisov dokladov Vserossiiskoi konferentsii “Volga i ee zhizn’” (Collect. Abstr. All-Russ. Conf. “Volga and its Life”), Yaroslavl: Filigran’, 2018, pp. 141–142.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Umanskaya, M.V., Krasnova, E.S., Gorbunov, M.Yu., Chemical water composition and trophic status of coastal areas of Kama cascade reservoirs in 2009, Samar. Luka: Probl. Reg. Global’noi Ekol., 2011, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 39–49.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Vinberg, G.G., Temperature coefficient of Van’t Hoff and Arrhenius equation in biology, Zh. Obshch. Biol., 1983, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 31–42.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Volga i ee zhizn’ (The Volga and its Life), Leningrad: Nauka, 1978.

  39. Zharikov, V.V. and Bykova, P.V., Ciliates (Ciliophora) of the plankton of the shallow zone of the Kama cascade reservoirs, Izv. Samar. Nauchn. Tsentra Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2012, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 172–178.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Zharikov, V.V. and Rotar’, Yu.M., The fauna composition of free-living ciliates of Kuibyshev Reservoir, Biol. Vnutr. Vod. Inf. Bull., 1992, no. 92, pp. 19–30.

  41. Zharikov, V.V. and Rotar’, Yu.M., To evaluation of the reaction of free-living ciliates of the reservoirs of the Middle and Lower Volga to changes of some environmental factors, in Bioindikatsiya: teoriya, metody, prilozheniya (Bioindication: Theory, Methods, Applications), Tol’yatti, 1994, pp. 205–225.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am grateful to the staff of the Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, who took part in the expeditions on the Volga and Kama reservoirs in 2016 and provided physicochemical data; crew members of the Akademik Topchiev for assistance in collecting field material; and Maksim Melekhin, employee at the Perm Branch of the Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography for the sample selection in 2014.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tolyatti, Samara oblast, Russia

    S. V. Bykova

Authors
  1. S. V. Bykova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. V. Bykova.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interests. The author declares that she has no conflicts of interest.

Statement on the welfare of animals. All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

Additional information

Translated by A. Barkhash

Abbreviations: KR—Kama Reservoir; VR—Votkinsk Reservoir; NKR—Nizhnekamsk Reservoir; KuR—Kama reach of the Kuybyshev Reser-voir.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bykova, S.V. Free-Living Ciliates of the Deepwater Part of the Kama Reservoirs. Inland Water Biol 16, 237–254 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082923020037

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082923020037

Keywords:

Search

Navigation