Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Patterns of Phenetic Diversity and Taxonomy of the Common Rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) from the Water Bodies of Russia and Adjacent Countries

Inland Water Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Cite this article

Abstract

The phenetic diversity of the rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.) from the Russian Federation and some neighboring countries has been studied using the methods of population morphology. We analyzed our own collections and literature data on the meristic characters of external morphology, axial skeleton, seismosensory system, and the pharyngeal tooth formula. Two phenetically distinct population systems were distinguished within the investigated part of the species range: the western group covering the upper and middle Volga River together with the water bodies located southwestward and westward off the Volga River basin, and the southeastern group, including the rudds from the lower Volga River, the reservoirs belonging to the Caspian Sea region, and the inland drainage basins of Kazakhstan up to the Syr Darya and Chu rivers. The number of lateral line scales, total number of vertebrae, caudal and precaudal vertebrae ratio, and the number of gill rakers are the main characters contributing to population differentiation. Strong positive relationships of the first two traits with the geographical latitude of habitats were found; first and foremost, they are due to the (sub)speciation processes in river basins, but not to the direct influence of physical factors functionally dependent on latitude. The results are not consistent with the existing concept of the rudd as a monomorphic species and call for a taxonomic revision of this species in its current status.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.

Notes

  1. The Trans-Caspian basin here refer to the lower reaches of large rivers of the Caspian Sea basin and the water bodies of the Caspian Depression.

REFERENCES

  1. Abdurakhmanov, Yu.A., Ryby presnykh vod Azerbaidzhana (Fishes of Fresh Waters of Azerbaijan), Baku: Akad. Nauk AzSSR, 1962.

  2. Atlas presnovodnykh ryb Rossii (Atlas of Freshwater Fishes of Russia), Moscow: Nauka, 2003.

  3. Babkina, I.B., Petlina, A.P., and Shestakova, A.S., Morphological-ecological features of bleak (Alburnus alburnus (L.)) of the lower Tom River, Vestn. Tomsk. Gos. Pedagog. Univ., 2013, no. 8 (136), p. 61.

  4. Berg, L.S., Ryby presnykh vod SSSR i sopredel’nykh stran (Freshwater Fishes of the USSR and Adjacent Countries), Moscow: Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1949, vol. 2, p. 469.

  5. Berinkey, L., Further morphological and osteological investigations on the hybrids of Hungarian cyprinids, Ann. Histor.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hungar., 1960, vol. 52.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bianco, P.G. and Kottelat, M., Scardinius knezevici, a new species of rudd from Lake Skadar, Montenegro (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwater, 2005, no. 16 (3), p. 231.

  7. Bogutskaya, N.G., Contribution to the knowledge of leuciscine fishes of Asia Minor. 2. An annotated check-list of leuciscine fishes (Leuciscinae, Cyprinidae) of Turkey with descriptions of a new species and two new subspecies, Mitt. Hamb. Zool. Mus. Inst., 1997, no. 94, p. 161.

  8. Bogutskaya, N.G. and Coad, B.W., A review of vertebral and fin-ray counts in the genus Alburnoides (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) with a description of six new species, Zoosyst. Ross., 2009, no. 18 (1), p. 126.

  9. Boznak, E.I., The rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus from tributaries of the Northern Dvina, J. Ichthyol., 2008, vol. 48, no. 5, p. 408.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Chitravadivelu, K., On the systematics of the rudd, Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Osteichthyes: Cyprinidae) from Bohemia, Vestn. Cesk. Spol. Zool., 1972, vol. 36, no. 3, p. 169.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Dryagin, P.A., Fishes of the Chu River and the use of this river for fishery purposes, in Rybnoe khozyaistvo KirgSSR. Trudy Kirgizskoi kompleksnoi ekspeditsii 1932-1933 gg (Fisheries of the Kyrgyz SSR. Proceedings of the Kyrgyz Complex Expedition 1932–1933), Moscow: Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1936, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 49.

  12. Dvoryankin, G.A., First documented finding of rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes) in the Onega River basin, J. Ichthyol., 2014, vol. 54, no. 1, p. 130. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945213060027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Economidis, P.S. and Wheeler, A., Hybrids of Abramis brama with Scardinius erythrophthalmus and Rutilus rutilus from Lake Volvi, Macedonia, Greece, J. Fish. Biol., 1989, vol. 35, no. 2, p. 295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Elanidze, R.F., Ikhtiofauna rek i ozer Gruzii (Ichthyofauna of Rivers and Lakes in Georgia), Tbilisi: Metsniereba, 1983.

  15. Ereshchenko, V.I., Ichthyofauna of the Sary-Su River basin, in Sbornik rabot po ikhtiologii i gidrobiologii (Collection of Works on Ichthyology and Hydrobiology), Alma-Ata: Akad. Nauk KazSSR, 1956, no. 1, p. 94.

  16. Fricke, R., Bilecenoglu, M., and Sari, H.M., Annotated checklist of fish and lamprey species (Gnathostomata and Petromyzontomorphi) of Turkey, including a Red List of threatened and declining species, Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. Ser. A, 2007, no. 706, p. 1.

  17. Geina, K.M., Morphological peculiarities, age structure, and growth rate of the rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus L., 1758) of the Dnieper–Bug estuary system, Ribogosp. Nauka Ukr., 2016, no. 4 (38), p. 64. https://doi.org/10.15407/fsu2016.04.064

  18. Ilhan, A., Morphometric comparison between Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Scardinius elmaliensis (Bogutskaya, 1997), Fresenius Environ. Bull., 2019, vol. 28, no. 5, p. 3824.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Iliadou, K., Sourdis, J., Economidis, P.S., and Wheeler, A., Morphological differentiation among species genus Scardinius (Pisces: Cyprinidae) in Greece, J. Nat. Hist., 1996, vol. 30, p. 459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kas’yanov, A.N. and Izyumov, Yu.G., Variability of the number of holes in the seismosensory canals of the skull of the roach Rutilus rutilus, Vopr. Ikhtiol., 1990, vol. 30, no. 1, p. 13.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Khaberman, Kh., Noorits, T., and Paaver, T., On the morphology of rudd in some lakes of Estonia, Gidrobiol. Issled., 1974, vol. 6, p. 134.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Klimczyk-Janikowska, M., Die Rotfeder (Scardinius erythrophthalmus L.) aus den Staubecken Przeczyce und Chechło, Acta Hydrobiol., 1970, vol. 12, p. 263.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Klimczyk-Janikowska, M., Biometric characteristic and food of the rood (Scardinius erythrophthalmus L.) from the reservoir at Goczałkowice, Acta Hydrobiol., 1975, vol. 17, no. 1, p. 71.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Kottelat, M. and Freyhof, J., Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes, Berlin: Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Kozhara, A.V., Regular phenotypic changes accompanying osmotic adaptations in some cyprinids: micro vs macroevolution, Zh. Obshch. Biol., 1997, vol. 58, no. 3, p. 17.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kozhara, A.V., Patterns of intraspecific variability in carp fishes of the dace subfamily: ecological factors and pathways of phenotypic transformation, Zh. Obshch. Biol., 2002, vol. 63, no. 5, p. 393.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Kozhara, A.V., Izyumov, Yu.G., and Kas’yanov, A.N., General and geographic variation of the vertebral numbers in some freshwater fish, J. Ichthyol., 1996, vol. 36, no. 2, p. 222.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Krzykawski, S., Więcaszek, B., and Modrzewski, P., Characterystyka cech biometrycznych wzdręgi Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L., 1758) z kanału zrzutowego wód pochłodniczych Electrowni “Pomorzany” w Szczecinie, in Systematyka i filogeneza świata zwierzęcego. Systematyka ryb karpiowatych Cyprinidae. III Sesja Sympozjum Olsztyn-Kortowo 8 kwietnia 1997, 1997 p. 117

  29. Lozhkina, E.N., Morphobiological characteristics of the rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus of the Votkinsk Reservoir, in Materialy XI Vserossiiskogo kongressa molodykh uchenykh-biologov s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem (Proc. XI All-Russia Congr. Young Biol. Sci. Int. Participation), Perm: Perm. Gos. Nats. Issled. Univ., 2019, p. 185.

  30. Maksunov, V.A., On the morphology and biology of the rudd of the Farkhad reservoir, Dokl. Akad. Nauk TadzhSSR, 1956, no. 15, p. 63.

  31. Manolov, Zh. and Sivkov, Ya., Biometric studies on the rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.) from the Kamchia River and Lake Shabla, Izv. Narod. Muz., Varna XI/XXVI, 1975, p. 180.

  32. Mavrin, A.S., Kasyanov, A.N., and Goroshkova, T.V., Morphological characteristics of the rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus) from small waterbodies of the Upper Volga and Oka basins, Inland Water Biol., 2017, no. 10, p. 436. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082917040083

  33. Mironovsky, A.N., On the geographical variability of cyprinids: features of the microevolution of populations of delta-estuarine areas, Zool. Zh., 1988, vol. 67, no. 7, p. 1013.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Mironovsky, A.N., Features of variability of the population structure of some cyprinids in the Volga–Caspian and adjacent regions. 2. Analysis of variability of traits, Vopr. Ikhtiol., 1991, vol. 31, no. 5, p. 734.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Mitrofanov, V.P., Dukravets, G.M., Sidorova, A.F., et al., Ryby Kazakhstana. Karpovye (Fishes of Kazakhstan. Cyprinidae), Alma-Ata: Nauka Kazakh. SSR, 1987, vol. 2.

  36. Movchan, Yu.V. and Smirnov, A.I., Cyprinidae, Fauna Ukrainy (Fauna of Ukraine), vol. 8: Ryby (Fishes), Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1981, no. 2, part 1.

  37. Nikol’skii, G.V., Ryby Aral’skogo morya (Fishes of the Aral Sea), Moscow: Krasnyi proletarii, 1940.

  38. Opalatenko, L.K., Limnophilic fish of the Upper Dniester basin, Vestn. Zool., 1970, no. 1, p. 34.

  39. Özuluğ, M., A taxonomic study on the fish in the basin of Büyükçekmece dam lake, Turk. J. Zool., 1999, vol. 23, no. 4, p. 439.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Pivnev, I.A., Materials on the morphology and biology of the Chuya rudd, in Ikhtiologicheskii sbornik (Collection of Ichthyological Works), Frunze: Kirgiz. Gos. Univ., 1963, no. 1, p. 61.

  41. Pokrovskii, V.V., On the rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus L.) from Lake Onega, in Tr. Karel. Nauchno-Issled. Rybokhoz. St., Leningrad, 1935, vol. 1, p. 391.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Popa, L.L., Ryby basseina r. Prut (Fishes of the Prut River), Chisinau: Shtiintsa, 1976.

  43. Serov, N.P., Fishes of Lake Chelkar, in Sbornik rabot po ikhtiologii i gidrobiologii (Collection of Works on Ichthyology and Hydrobiology), Alma-Ata: Akad. Nauk Kazakh. SSR, 1956, no. 1, p. 278.

  44. Shaposhnikova, G.Kh., Biologiya i raspredelenie ryb v rekakh ural’skogo tipa (Biology and Distribution of Fishes in the Rivers of the Ural Type), Moscow: Nauka, 1964.

  45. Smirnov, S.V., Dzerzhinskii, K.F., and Levin, B.A., On the relationship between scale number in the lateral line in the African barbel Barbus intermedius and the rate of ontogeny (by experimental data), J. Ichthyol., 2006, vol. 46, p. 129. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945206010176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Solovkina, L.N., On the finds of the goldfish Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch) and rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus L.) in the European northeast of the USSR, Vopr. Ikhtiol., 1969, vol. 9, no. 5 (58), p. 945.

  47. Szlachciak, J. and Strakowska, E., Morphological characteristics and variation of rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.) from the Łuknajno Lake, Poland, AACL Bioflux, 2010, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 91.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Tatarko, K.I., Influence of temperature on the meristic characters of fishes, Vopr. Ikhtiol., 1968, vol. 8, no. 3 (50), p. 425.

  49. Tanasychuk, V.S., Patterns of formation of abundance of some Caspian fishes, Tr. KaspNIRO, 1957, vol. 13, p. 3.

  50. Turdakov, F.A. and Piskarev, K.V., Materials on the taxonomy and biology of the Chuya rudd, Tr. Inst. Zool. Parazitol. Akad. Nauk KirgSSR, Frunze: Akad. Nauk KirgSSR, 1955, no. 3, p. 79.

  51. Ustyugova, T.V., Rudd of the Votkinsk Reservoir, in Osnovy ratsional’nogo ispol’zovaniya rybnykh resursov kamskikh vodokhranilishch (Fundamentals of the Rational Use of Fish Resources of the Kama Reservoirs), Perm: Perm. Gos. Univ., 1978, p. 52.

  52. Ustyugova, T.V., Krasulina, O.S., and Zinov’ev, E.A., Rudd of the Kama Reservoir, in Biologiya i ekologiya ryb Prikam’ya: mezhvuzovskii sbornik nauchnykh trudov (Biology and Ecology of Fish in the Kama Region: Interuniversity Collection of Scientific Papers), Perm: Perm. Gos. Univ., 2008, no. 2, p. 129.

  53. Yakovlev, V.N., Izyumov, Yu.G., and Kas’yanov, A.N., Phenetic method for studying populations of cyprinids Biol. Nauki, 1981, no. 2, p. 98.

  54. Zhukov, P.I., Ryby Belorussii (Fishes of Belarus), Minsk: Nauka i tekhnika, 1965.

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are deeply grateful to A.N. Kas’yanov and T.V. Goroshkova for their significant contribution to the collection and processing of material for this article, as well as to V.G. Poznyak (Kalmyk State University) for providing osteological preparations for the common rudd from the lower reaches of the Kuma River.

Funding

This work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (projects nos. 08-04-00061a and 14-04-00022) and by the framework of State Tasks of the Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, no. 0109-2018-0076, АААА-А18-118042490059-5 and the Institute of Biology of Inland Waters of the Russian Academy of Sciences, nos. AAAA- A18-118012690222-4 and AAAA-A18-118012690101-2.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Nekouzskii raion, Yaroslavl oblast, Russia

    A. V. Kozhara, A. S. Mavrin & A. N. Mironovsky

  2. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    A. N. Mironovsky

Authors
  1. A. V. Kozhara
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. S. Mavrin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. N. Mironovsky
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. V. Kozhara.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interests. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Statement on the welfare of animals. All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

Additional information

Translated by D. Martynova

Abbreviations: PDS, phenetic diversity structure; A, number of branched rays in the anal fin, D, number of branched rays in the dorsal fin; D. ph1, number of pharyngeal teeth in the first row; D. ph2, number of pharyngeal teeth in the second row; CPMd, number of openings of the preoperculo-mandibular canal on the dental bone; CPMp, number of openings of the preoperculo-mandibular canal on the preopercular bone, CSOf, number of openings of the supraorbital canal on the frontal bone; CSTp, number of openings of the supratemporal canal on the parietal bone; ll, number of perforated scales in the lateral line; sp.br, number of gill rakers on the first branchial arch; Va, number of thoracic vertebrae; Vi, number of transitional vertebrae; Vc, number of caudal vertebrae; Vt, total number of vertebrae; L, geographic latitude.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kozhara, A.V., Mavrin, A.S. & Mironovsky, A.N. Patterns of Phenetic Diversity and Taxonomy of the Common Rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) from the Water Bodies of Russia and Adjacent Countries. Inland Water Biol 13, 516–527 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082920060097

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082920060097

Keywords:

search

Navigation