Abstract
The effect of the filler content on the optical absorption spectra, electroconductivity, and surface morphology of thin nanoocomposite films based on poly(n-xylylene)–tin (PPX–Sn) has been studied. The films under study are prepared in vacuum by cryochemical synthesis on polished quartz, glass-ceramics, and silicon substrates. After completing the preparation, the samples are exposed to air for some time prior to measurements. With an increase in the filler content, a nonmonotonic change in both surface morphology of films (by atomic force microscopy) and adsorption spectra is found. An analysis of the spectra shows that, at the filler concentration C ≤ 9 vol %, tin in the composite is in the oxidized form of SnO2, while at C = 12 vol % it is in a metal state, respectively. With an increase in C from 4 to 12 vol %, the increase in conductivity of nanocomposites is more than 7 decimal orders, with a sharp change in the region of C ≈ 9–12 vol %. The conductivity of the film consisting of nanoparticles (C = 100 vol %) is found to be low and comparable with that for composites with C = 4–5 vol %. With a decrease in the temperature from 300 to 15 K, the resistance of the sample with C = 12 vol % is found to decrease, while that for all other samples increases by the activation law. The activation energy with an increase in the filler concentration to 9 vol % is found to decrease, while that for the sample with C = 100 vol % increases by almost an order of magnitude. The most significant changes in the properties and morphology of the surface of nanocomposites are observed at a concentration of ~9 vol %, which apparently is the percolation threshold.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. N. Chvalun, “Polymer nanocomposites,” Priroda (Moscow, Russ. Fed.), No. 7, 53–66 (2000).
L. I. Trakhtenberg, G. N. Gerasimov, and E. I. Grigor’ev, “Nanoclusters of metals and semiconductors in polymeric matrices: synthesis, structure, and physicochemical properties,” Russ. J. Phys. Chem. A 73, 264–276 (1999).
A. V. Gusev, K. A. Mailyan, A. V. Pebalk, I. A. Ryzhikov, and S. N. Chvalun, “Prospects for the application of nanostructured polymer and nanocomposite films based on poly-p-xylylene for micro-, opto-, and nanoelectronics,” J. Commun. Technol. Electron. 54, 833 (2009).
S. A. Zavyalov, J. Schoonman, A. N. Pivkina, and R. B. Gainutdinov, “Structure and properties of thin film nanocomposites metal-polyparaxylylene,” Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B 1, 171 (2007).
G. N. Gerasimov, E. V. Nikolaeva, V. I. Smirnova, V. A. Sochilin, and L. I. Trakhtenberg, “The effect of metal concentration and matrix structure on silver nanopartical forming under cryogen synthesis of polymer composites,” Dokl. Phys. Chem. 380, 184 (2001).
S. A. Zavyalov, A. N. Pivkina, and J. Schoonman, “Metal-polymer nanocomposites: formation and properties near percolation threshold,” in Nanostructured Materials: Selected Synthesis Methods, Properties, and Applications, Ed. by P. Knauth and J. Schoonman (Kluwer Academic, Boston, Dordrecht, London, 2002), pp. 97–112.
D. R. Streltsov, K. A. Mailyan, A. V. Gusev, I. A. Ryzhikov, N. A. Erina, C. Su, A. V. Pebalk, S. A. Ozerin, and S. N. Chvalun, “Electrical properties, structure, and surface morphology of poly(pxylylene)— silver nanocomposites synthesized by lowtemperature vapor deposition polymerization,” Appl. Phys. A 110, 413–422 (2013).
S. A. Ozerin, S. A. Zav’yalov, and S. N. Chvalun, “Synthesis, structure, and properties of metal-polymer nanocomposites based on silver and poly-p-xylylene,” Polym. Sci., Ser. A 43, 1171–1178 (2001).
S. A. Zavyalov, A. N. Pivkina, and J. Schoonman, “Formation and characterization of metal-polymer nanostructured composites,” Solid State Ionics 147, 415–419 (2002).
S. A. Zav’yalov, I. Skhounman, E. N. Golubeva, A. V. Lobanov, A. N. Pivkina, and R. V. Gainutdinov, “Structure of thin-film photoelectrode nano-composites based on a poly-p-xylylene matrix,” Nanotechnol. Russ. 2, 101–108 (2007).
R. N. Nurmukhametov, S. N. Dyadyushkina, K. A. Mailyan, A. M. Sergeev, A. V. Pebalk, and I. E. Kardash, “On the nature of absorption and luminescence centers in poly-n-xylylene film,” Vysokomol. Soedin., Ser. A 33, 1525–1529 (1991).
A. Henglein and M. Giersig, “Radiolytic formation of colloidal tin and tin–gold particles in aqueous solution,” J. Phys. Chem. 98, 6931–6935 (1994).
E. P. Domashevskaya, S. V. Ryabtsev, Yu. A. Yurakov, O. A. Chuvenkova, V. M. Kashkarov, S. Yu. Turushchev, S. B. Kushev, and A. N. Lukin, “SnOx obtaining by thermal oxidation of nanoscale tin films in the air and its characterization,” Thin Solid Films 515, 6350–6355 (2007).
O. L. Bersirova, L. I. Bruk, A. I. Dikusar, M. I. Karaman, S. P. Sidel’nikova, A. V. Simashkevich, D. A. Sherban, and Yu. S. Yapontseva, “Thin films of titanium and tin oxide layers and semiconductor structures on their base obtained by pyrolytic pulverization, making, characterization and corrosive properties,” Surf. Eng. Appl. Electrochem., No. 6, 40–49 (2007).
G. G. Untila, T. H. Kost, A. B. Chebotareva, and M. A. Timofeev, “The effect of tin concentration on composition, optical and electrical properties of ITO films precipitated by ultrasound spray-pyrolysis method on silicon and glass substrate,” Semiconductors 46, 984–990 (2012).
L. I. Trusov and V. A. Kholmyanskii, Island Metallic Films (Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1973) [in Russian].
Physical Quantities, The Handbook, Ed. by I. S. Grigor’ev and E. Z. Melikhov (Energoatomizdat, Moscow, 1991) [in Russian].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © S.A. Zavyalov, E.P. Krinichnaya, I.V. Klimenko, T.S. Zhuravleva, 2018, published in Rossiiskie Nanotekhnologii, 2018, Vol. 13, Nos. 3–4.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zavyalov, S.A., Krinichnaya, E.P., Klimenko, I.V. et al. Effect of Filler Content on the Morphology and Properties of Poly(n-Xylylene)–Sn Nanocomposite Films. Nanotechnol Russia 13, 116–121 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995078018020192
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995078018020192