Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Photoreduction of graphite oxide at different temperatures

  • Published:
Nanotechnologies in Russia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The photoreduction of graphite oxide in a film exposed to UV light is investigated at 77 K and at room temperature. At a temperature of 77 K, the photodissociation of oxygen-containing groups and graphite oxide (GO) reduction occurs that is observed in the UV-vis and Raman absorption spectra. The mechanism of photoreduction is proposed, and a comparison of the photoreduction and the thermal process is carried out.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. O. C. Compton and S. B. T. Nguyen, “Graphene Oxide, Highly Reduced Graphene Oxide and Graphene: Versatile Building Blocks for Carbon-Based Materials,” Small 6, 711–723 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva, and A. A. Firsov, “Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films,” Science 306(5696), 666–669 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, “The Rise of Graphene,” Nature Mater. 6, 183–191 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. X. Wang, L. Zhi, and K. Mullen, “Transparent, Conductive Graphene Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells,” Nano Lett. 8, 323–327 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. S. Stankovich, D. A. Dikin, R. D. Piner, K. A. Kohlhaas, A. Kleinhammes, Y. Jia, Y. Wu, S. T. Nguyen, and R. S. Ruoff, “Synthesis of Graphene-Based Nanosheets via Chemical Reduction of Exfoliated Graphite Oxide,” Carbon 45, 1558–1565 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. G. Williams, B. Seger, and P. V. Kamat, “TiO2-Graphene Nanocomposites. UV-Assisted Photocatalytic Reduction of Graphene Oxide,” ACS Nano 2, 1487 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. G. Williams and P. V. Kamat, “Graphene-Semiconductor Nanocomposites: Excited-State Interactions between ZnO Nanoparticles and Graphene Oxide,” Langmuir 25, 13869–13873 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. H. Li, S. Pang, X. Feng, K. Mullen, and C. Bubeck, “Polyoxometalate Assisted Photoreduction of Graphene Oxide and Its Nanocomposite Formation,” Chem. Commun. 46, 6243–6245 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. L. J. Cote, R. Cruz-Silva, and J. Huang, “Flash Reduction and Patterning of Graphite Oxide and Its Polymer Composite,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 11027–11032 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. V. Abdelsayed, S. Moussa, H. M. Hassan, H. S. Aluri, M. M. Collinson, and M. S. El-Shall, “Photothermal Deoxygenation of Graphite Oxide with Laser Excitation in Solution and Graphene-Aided Increase in Water Temperature,” J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1, 2804–2809 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. L. Huang, Y. Liu, L.-C. Ji, Y.-Q. Xie, T. Wang, and W.-Z. Shi, “Pulsed Laser Assisted Reduction of Graphene Oxide,” Carbon 49, 2431–2436 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. V. A. Smirnov, A. A. Arbuzov, Yu. M. Shulga, S. A. Baskakov, V. M. Martynenko, V. E. Muradyan, and E. I. Kresova, “Photoreduction of Graphite Oxide,” High Energy Chem. 45, 57–61 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Yu. M. Shulga, V. M. Martynenko, V. E. Muradyan, S. A. Baskakov, V. A. Smirnov, and G. L. Gutsev, “Gaseous Products of Thermo- and Photo-Reduction of Graphite Oxide,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 498, 287–291 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. W. S. Hummers and R. E. Offeman, “Preparation of Graphitic Oxide,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80, 1339 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. V. E. Muradyan, M. G. Ezerskaya, V. I. Smirnova, N. M. Kabaeva, Y. N. Novikov, Z. N. Parnes, and M. E. Volpin, “Conversion of Grafite Oxide under Ionic Hydration,” Russ. J. Gen. Chem. 61, 2514–2517 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  16. S. Stankovich, R. D. Piner, X. Chen, N. Wu, S.-B. T. Nguyen, and R. S. Ruoff, “Stable Aqueous Dispersions of Graphitic Nanoplatelets via the Reduction of Exfoliated Graphite Oxide in the Presence of Poly(Sodium 4-Styrenesulfonate),” J. Mater. Chem. 16, 155–158 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. V. G. Plotnikov, V. A. Smirnov, M. V. Alfimov, and Yu.M. Shulga, “The Graphite Oxide Photoreduction Mechanism,” High Energy Chem. 45, 411–415 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. C. Mattevi, G. Eda, S. Agnoli, S. Miller, K. A. Mkhoyan, O. Celik, D. Mastrogiovanni, G. Granozzi, E. Garfunkel, and M. Chhowalla, “Evolution of Electrical, Chemical, and Structural Properties of Transparent and Conducting Chemically Derived Graphene Thin Films,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19, 2577–2583 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. V. G. Plotnikov, V. A. Smirnov, and M. V. Alfimov, “Photophysical Processes and the Photodissociation of Chemical Bonds in Polyatomic Molecules,” High Energy Chem. 41, 131–152 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. J. I. Paredes, S. Villar-Rodil, P. Solis-Fernandez, A. Martinez-Alonso, and J. M. D. Tascón, “Atomic Force and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Imaging of Graphene Nanosheets Derived from Graphite Oxide,” Langmuir 25, 5957–5968 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. C. Shan, H. Yang, J. Song, D. Han, A. Ivaska, and L. Niu, “Direct Electrochemistry of Glucose Oxidase and Biosensing for Glucose Based on Graphene,” Anal. Chem. 81, 2378–2382 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. A. C. Ferrari, J. C. Meyer, V. Scardaci, C. Casiraghi, M. Lazzeri, F. Mauri, S. Piscanec, D. Jiang, K. S. Novo- selov, S. Roth, and A. K. Geim, “Raman Spectrum of Graphene and Graphene Layers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 187401–1-4 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. S. Stankovich, D. A. Dikin, R. D. Piner, K. A. Kohlhaas, A. Kleinhammes, Y. Jia, Y. Wu, S.-B. T. Nguyen, and R. S. Ruoff, “Synthesis of Graphene-Based Nanosheets via Chemical Reduction of Exfoliated Graphite Oxide,” Carbon 45, 1558–1565 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. J. G. Calvert and J. N. Pitts, Jr., Photochemistry (Wiley, New York, London, 1967).

    Google Scholar 

  25. J. A. Barltrop and J. D. Coyle, éxcited States in Organic Chemistry (Wiley, New York, London, 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  26. J. D. Coyle, “Photochemistry of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives,” Chem. Rev. 78, 97–123 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. P. Filipiak, G. L. Hug, and B. Marciniak, “Photo-chemistry of Carboxylic Acids Containing the Phenyl and Thioether Groups: Steady-State and Laser Flash Photolysis Studies,” J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 177, 295–306 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. J.-L. Li, K. N. Kudin, M. J. McAllister, R. K. Prud’homme, I. A. Aksay, and R. Car, “Oxygen-Driven Unzipping of Graphitic Materials,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 176101-1–176101-4 (2006).

    Google Scholar 

  29. W. Gao, L. B. Alemany, L. Ci, and P. M. Ajayan, “New Insights into the Structure and Reduction of Graphite Oxide,” Nature Chem. 1, 403–408 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. G. Eda, Y.-Y. Lin, C. Mattevi, H. Yamaguchi, H.-A. Chen, I.-S. Chen, C.-W. Chen, and M. Chhowalla, “Blue Photoluminescence from Chemically Derived Graphene Oxide,” Adv. Mater. 22, 505–509 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. L.-L. Chua, S. Wang, P.-J. Chia, L. Chen, L.-H. Zhao, W. Chen, A. T.-S. Wee, and P. K.-H. Ho, “Deoxidation of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets to Extended Graphenites by ‘Unzipping’ Elimination,” J. Chem. Phys. 129, 114702-1–114702-6 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Y. Matsumoto, M. Koinuma, S. Y. Kim, Y. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, K. Hatakeyama, H. Tateishi, S. Ida, “Simple Photoreduction of Graphene Oxide Nanosheet under Mild Conditions,” ACS Appl. Mat. Int. 2, 3461–3466 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432, Russia

    V. A. Smirnov, Yu. M. Shul’ga, N. N. Denisov & E. I. Kresova

  2. Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys, Moscow, 117936, Russia

    N. Yu. Shul’ga

Authors
  1. V. A. Smirnov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yu. M. Shul’ga
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. N. N. Denisov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. E. I. Kresova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. N. Yu. Shul’ga
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to V. A. Smirnov.

Additional information

Original Russian Text © V.A. Smirnov, Yu.M. Shul’ga, N.N. Denisov, E.I. Kresova, N.Yu. Shul’ga, 2012, published in Rossiiskie Nanotekhnologii, 2012, Vol. 7, Nos. 3–4.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Smirnov, V.A., Shul’ga, Y.M., Denisov, N.N. et al. Photoreduction of graphite oxide at different temperatures. Nanotechnol Russia 7, 156–163 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995078012020164

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995078012020164

Keywords

Search

Navigation