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Determination of the Risk of Tumor Progression in Patients with Early Stages of Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma Based on Laboratory Parameters

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Abstract—

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) dominates in the morbidity of lung cancer. In stage I, only 60–70% patients overcome the 5-year survival barrier, and in stage II 5-year survival rate is declining to 35–40%. The reason for such a high mortality is relapse of the disease. The main histological forms of NSCLC are adenocarcinoma (AС) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). They differ in course, protocols and effectiveness of treatment. Comparative survival data for AC and SCC are controversial, and reliable biomarkers for determining the risk of tumor progression still have not been found. In order to determine the risk of disease progression we have investigated the possibility of using laboratory parameters characterizing the level of some blood proteins involved in carcinogenesis in patients with early stages of AС and SCC. We retrospectively analyzed the duration of relapse-free period after surgical treatment for one year in 1250 patients (816 with stages I and II AC, G1-3 and 434 with early stages of SCC, G1-3). In 81 AC patients and 36 SCC patients (stages I−II, G1-3) we determined the level of CYFRA 21-1 and SCC, TPA, chemokines CXCL5, CXCL8, pyruvate kinase M2, HIF-1α, hyaluronic acid and receptors CXCR1, CXCR2, CD44v6. Using the Kaplan−Meier graphical analysis, groups of low (stage I G1-2 + stage II G1) and high (stage I G3 + stage II G2-3) risk of tumor progression were identified. The one-year survival rate of AС patients was higher than in SCC patients. AС patients with high risk of tumor recurrence had higher levels of CYFRA 21-1, the mean intensity of fluorescence (MFI) of CXCR1 receptor in granulocytes, and the relative content of CXCR2 receptor in lymphocytes than patients with low risk. In the case of rapid disease progression in SCC patients, the relative content of CXCR2 receptor in lymphocytes, the proportion of monocytes supplied with CD44v6 receptor, and SCC level were higher than in patients with slow progression. Regression equations, including combinations of the above parameters (threshold value for AC—0.512, for SCC—0.409, sensitivity—91.9% and 90.0%, specificity—90.0% and 87.5%, respectively), allow to predict the probability of tumor recurrence.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by the budget of the Republic of Belarus (project 2.7 GPNI “Medicine and Pharmacia”).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Belarusian State Medical University, ul. Dzerzhinskogo 83, 220116, Minsk, Belarus

    A. D. Tahanovich, N. N. Kauhanka & D. I. Murashka

  2. Alexandrov Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Oncology and Medical Radiology, 223040, Lesnoy, Minsk oblast, Belarus

    V. I. Prohorova & O. V. Gotko

Authors
  1. A. D. Tahanovich
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  2. N. N. Kauhanka
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  3. V. I. Prohorova
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  4. D. I. Murashka
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Correspondence to A. D. Tahanovich.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. All study participants gave informed consent to participate in the study. The study was approved by the Committee on Biomedical Ethics at the Belarusian State Medical University (protocol no. 2 dated October 4, 2021).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

Supplementary materials are available in the electronic version of the article on the journal website (pbmc.ibmc.msk.ru).

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Translated by A. Medvedev

Abbreviations used: AC—adenocarcinoma; CEA—carcinoembryonic antigen; CYFRA 21-1—fragment of cytokeratin 19; EDTA-K2—double potassium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; ELISA—enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; HIF-1α—hypoxia-induced factor 1-α; MFI—mean fluorescence intensity; NSCLC—non-small cell lung cancer; SCC—squamous cell lung carcinoma; SCC antigen—squamous cell carcinoma antigen; TNM—an international classification of the severity of the tumor process, TuM2 PK—pyruvate kinase isoenzyme, TPA—tissue polypeptide antigen.

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Tahanovich, A.D., Kauhanka, N.N., Prohorova, V.I. et al. Determination of the Risk of Tumor Progression in Patients with Early Stages of Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma Based on Laboratory Parameters. Biochem. Moscow Suppl. Ser. B 16, 154–163 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1990750822020081

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