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Search for Genetic Markers for Precise Diagnostics of Keratoconus

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Abstract

Keratoconus is a chronic disorder of the cornea, characterized by its progressive thinning, stretching, and conical protrusion. Diagnostics of subclinical keratoconus, as well as its early stages (forme fruste), is a complex problem. The presence of these forms of keratoconus in a patient is one of the causes for development of keratectasia after laser refractive surgery. Currently, the role of genetic factors in keratoconus development has been proven. This indicates the possibility of diagnostics of subclinical and forme fruste keratoconus by using genetic markers. Knowledge about the patient’s genetic predisposition to keratoconus would allow correcting the tactics of treatment of refractive abnormalities and avoiding serious side effects. The studies of causal mutations indicate the genetic heterogeneity of keratoconus, which complicates the development of a diagnostic panel. Selection of candidate variants from the currently known ones based on clear criteria may be one of the approaches for diagnostic markers search. In this review, we have analyzed articles on keratoconus markers in order to form a list of candidate variants for genotyping in the Russian population. The selection criteria took into account the complexes of symptoms in which a particular marker was found, populations in which the particular marker was investigated, the presence and results of replication studies. The analysis included markers in VSX1, SOD1, ZEB1, LOX, CAST, DOCK9, TGFBI, HGF, MAP3K19, KCND3, COL4A3, COL4A4, COL5A1, FNDC3B, FOXO1, BANP-ZNF469, MPDZ-NF1B, WNT10A genes. Based on the results of the analysis, the following candidate variants have been selected for genotyping in the Russian population of patients with keratoconus: rs1536482 and rs7044529 in the COL5A1 gene, rs5745752 and rs2286194 in the HGF gene, rs4954218 in the MAP3K19 gene, rs4839200 near the KCND3 gene, rs2721051 near the FOXO1 gene, rs1324183 between the MPDZ and the NF1B genes, and rs121908120 in the WNT10A gene.

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Funding

This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 17-29-06077).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, ul. Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, 119435, Moscow, Russia

    L. O. Skorodumova & E. I. Sharova

  2. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Complex Federal State Institution, Beskudnikovskiy bulvar 59a, 127486, Moscow, Russia

    A. V. Belodedova & B. E. Malyugin

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  1. L. O. Skorodumova
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  2. A. V. Belodedova
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  3. E. I. Sharova
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Skorodumova, L.O., Belodedova, A.V., Sharova, E.I. et al. Search for Genetic Markers for Precise Diagnostics of Keratoconus. Biochem. Moscow Suppl. Ser. B 13, 214–227 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1990750819030090

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