Skip to main content
Log in

The role of gamma-aminobutyric acid in migraine pathogenesis

  • Review Articles
  • Published:
Neurochemical Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Migraine is one of the most common forms of primary headaches; it affects nearly 10% of the population in developed countries. All major CNS neurotransmitter systems are implicated in migraine pathogenesis, indicating the polyneurochemical nature of the nosology. This review is focused on the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its receptors in the neurobiology of migraine. The report describes evidence for the existence of a cause-effect relationship between impaired GABA metabolism and development of the disease. It summarizes data on the distribution of GABA-A and GABA-B receptors in the trigeminovascular system and on the contribution of GABA to the modulation of nociceptive neurotransmission in the trigemino-thalamo-cortical pathway. As well, it provides detailed information on the mechanisms that underlie GABA-ergic inhibition at the peripheral, spinal, and suprasegmental levels. In the end, we discuss the pharmacodynamics of some GABA-positive drugs that are used for prophylactic and acute treatments of migraine, as well as other primary headaches.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

CGRP:

calcitonin-gene-related peptide

GABA:

gamma-aminobutyric acid

NO:

nitric oxide

NPY:

neuropeptide Y

PAG:

periaqueductal gray

RVM:

rostral ventro-medial medulla

VPM:

ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus

STN:

spinal trigeminal nucleus

TCC:

trigemino-cervical complex

and 5-HT:

serotonin

References

  1. Amelin, A.V., Ignatov, Y.D., Skoromets, A.A., and Sokolov, A.Y., Migraine. Pathogenesis, Clinic, Pharmacotherapy: Practitioner’s Guide, Moscow: MEDpressinform, 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society, Cephalalgia, 2013, vol. 33, pp. 629–808.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Goadsby, P.J., Chabrit, A.R., Andreou, A.P., and Akerman, S., Neurosci., 2009, vol. 161, pp. 327–341.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Pietrobon, D. and Moskowitz, M.A., Annu. Rev. Physiol., 2013, vol. 75, pp. 365–391.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Lambert, G.A. and Zagami, A.S., Headache, 2009, vol. 49, pp. 253–275.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Burstein, R. and Jakubowski, M., J. Comp. Neurol., 2005, vol. 493, pp. 9–14.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Messlinger, K., Exp. Brain Res., 2009, vol. 196, pp. 179–193.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Goadsby, P.J., Ann. Indian Acad. Neurol., 2012, vol. 15, pp. 15–22.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Mitsikostas, D.D. and Sanchez del Rio, M., Brain Res. Rev., 2001, vol. 35, pp. 20–35.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Edvinsson, L. and Uddman, R., Brain Res., 2005, vol. 48, pp. 438–456.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Levy, D., Curr. Pain Headache Rep., 2012, vol. 16, pp. 270–277.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Sokolov, A.Y. and Ignatov, Y.D., Med. Akad. Zhurn, 2010, vol. 10, pp. 17–31.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Sokolov, A.Y. and Ignatov, Y.D., Obzory po Klin. Farm. i Lek. Ter., 2010, vol. 8, pp. 13–26.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Edvinsson, L., Cephalalgia, 2011, vol. 31, pp. 737–747.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Edvinsson, L., Villalón, C.M., Maassen, VanDen-Brink, A., Pharmacol. Ther., 2012, vol. 136, pp. 319–333.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Goadsby, P.J., Eur. Neurol., 2005, vol. 53, pp. 10–16.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Sokolov, A.Y., Lyubashina, O.A., Ignatov, Yu.D., Amelin, A.V., and Panteleev, S.S., Med. Akad. Zhurn., 2011, vol. 11, pp. 3–14.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Bernstein, C. and Burstein, R., J. Clin. Neurol., 2012, vol. 8, pp. 89–99.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Watanabe, M., Maemura, K., Kanbara, K., Tamayama, T., and Hayasaki, H., Int. Rev. Cytol., 2002, vol. 213, pp. 1–47.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Benarroch E. E., in Neurotransmitters, Waldman, S.A, et al., Eds., Elsevier Inc., 2009.

  21. Rang, H.P., Dale, M.M., Ritter, J.M., Flower, R.J., and Henderson, G., Rang and Dale’s Pharmacol. Elsevier Inc., 2012, pp. 448–460.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Katzung, B.G., Masters, S.D., and Trevor, A.J., Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Garcia, P., Whalin, M.K., and Sebel, P.S., in Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia: Foundations and Clinical Application, Hemmings, H.C., and Egan, T.D., Eds., Elsevier Inc., 2013.

  24. Johannessen, C.U., Neurochem. Int., 2000, vol. 37, pp. 103–110.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Perucca, E., CNS Drugs, 2002, vol. 16, pp. 695–714.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Loscher, W., CNS Drugs, 2002, vol. 16, pp. 669–694.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Bormann, J., Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 2000, vol. 21, pp. 16–19.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Chebib, M., Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 2004, vol. 31, pp. 800–804.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Perfilova, V.N. and Tyurenkov, I.N., Eksp. Klin. Farmak., 2011, vol. 74, pp. 45–49.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Sem’yanov, A.V., Neirofiziologiya, 2002, vol. 34, pp. 82–92.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Kaluev, A.V., Neironauki, 2006, vol. 3, pp. 31–42.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Alexander, S.P.H., Mathie, A., and Peters, J.A., Br. J. Pharmacol., 2011, vol. 164, pp. 1–324.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Krikova, K.V. and Burd, S.G., Epileps. Paroksizm. Sost., 2011, vol. 3, pp. 20–26.

    Google Scholar 

  34. http://www.rlsnet.ru/mnn-index-id-199.htm (01.09.2013).

  35. Fasmer, O.B. and Oedegaard, K.J., Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen., 2004, vol. 124, pp. 2350–2353.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Torelli, P. and D’Amico, D., Neurol. Sci., 2004, vol. 25, pp. Đ 234–235.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Torelli, P., Lambru, G., and Manzoni, G.C., Neurol. Sci., 2006, vol. 27, pp. 73–76.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Antonaci, F., Nappi, G., Galli, F., Manzoni, G.C., Calabresi, P., and Costa, A., J. Headache Pain, 2011, vol. 12, pp. 115–125.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Kendell, S.F., Krystal, J.H., and Sanacora, G., Expert Opin. Ther. Targets, 2005, vol. 9, pp. 153–168.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Calabresi, P., Galletti, F., Rossi, C., Sarchielli, P., and Cupini, L.M., Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 2007, vol. 28, pp. 188–195.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Hasler, G., van der Veen, J.W., Tumonis, T., Meyers, N., Shen, J., and Drevets, W.C., Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 2007, vol. 64, pp. 193–200.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Sanacora, G. and Saricicek, A., CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets, 2007, vol. 6, pp. 127–140.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Brady, R.O.Jr., McCarthy, J.M., Prescot, A.P., Jensen, J.E., Cooper, A.J., Cohen, B.M., Renshaw, P.F., and Ongur, D., Bipolar Disord., 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Leniger, T., Diener, H.C., and Hufnagel, A., Nervenarzt, 2003, vol. 74, pp. 869–874.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Rogawski, M.A., Arch. Neurol., 2008, vol. 65, pp. 709–714.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Rogawski, M.A., in Jasper’s Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies [Internet]. 4th edition, Noebels, J.L., Avoli, M., Rogawski, M.A., Olsen, R.W., Delgado-Escueta, A.V., Eds., Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2012.

  47. Bianchin, M.M., Londero, R.G., Lima, J.E., and Bigal, M.E., Curr. Pain Headache Rep., 2010, vol. 14, pp. 276–283.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Cutrer, F.M., Headache, 2001, vol. 41, pp. 3–10.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Lainez, M.J., Pascual, J., Pascual, A.M., Santonja, J.M., Ponz, A., and Salvador, A., Headache, 2003, vol. 43, pp. 784–789.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Stillman, M.J., Zajac, D., and Rybicki, L.A., Headache, 2004, vol. 44, pp. 65–69.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Lampl, C., Marecek, S., May, A., and Bendtsen, L., Cephalalgia, 2006, vol. 26, pp. 1203–1208.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Cohen, A.S., Matharu, M.S., and Goadsby, P.J., Headache, 2007, vol. 47, pp. 969–980.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. D’Amico, D., Neurol. Sci., 2007, vol. 28, pp. 188–197.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Lovell, B.V. and Marmura, M.J., Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol., 2010, vol. 6, pp. 495–504.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Vieira, D.S., Naffah-Mazacoratti, M.G., Zukerman, E., Senne, SoaresC.A., Alonso, E.O., Faulhaber, M.H., Cavalheiro, E.A., and Peres, M.F., Brain Res., 2006, vol. 1090, pp. 197–201.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Marukawa, H., Shimomura, T., and Takahashi, K., Headache, 1996, vol. 36, pp. 100–104.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Welch, K.M.A., Chabi, E., Bartosh, K., Achar, V.S., and Meyer, J.S., Brit. Med. J., 1975, vol. 3, pp. 516–517.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Kowa, H., Shimomura, T., and Takahashi, K., Headache, 1992, vol. 32, pp. 229–232.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Costa, C., Tozzi, A., Rainero, I., Cupini, L.M., Calabresi, P., Ayata, C., and Sarchielli, P., J. Headache Pain, 2013, vol. 14, pp. 62–80.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Krüger, H., Luhmann, H.J., and Heinemann, U., Neurorep., 1996, vol. 7, pp. 2733–2736.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Chronicle, E. and Mulleners, W., Cephalalgia, 1994, vol. 14, pp. 415–418.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Bigal, M.E., Hetherington, H., Pan, J., Tsang, A., Grosberg, B., Avdievich, N., Friedman, B., and Lipton, R.B., Neurology, 2008, vol. 70, pp. 2078–2080.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Idänpään-Heikkilä, J.J. and Guilbaud, G., Pain, 1999, vol. 79, pp. 281–290.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Russel, M.B. and Olesen, J., BMJ, 1995, vol. 311, pp. 541–544.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Russell, M.B., J. Headache Pain, 2007, vol. 8, pp. 190–195.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Russo, L., Mariotti, P., Sangiorgi, E., Giordano, T., Ricci, I., Lupi, F., Chiera, R., Guzzetta, F., Neri, G., and Gurrieri, F., Am. J. Hum. Genet., 2005, vol. 76, pp. 327–333.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Fernandez, F., Esposito, T., Lea, R.A., Colson, N.J., Ciccodicola, A., Gianfrancesco, F., and Griffiths, L.R., BMC Med. Genet., 2008, vol. 9, p. 109.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Netzer, C., Freudenberg, J., Toliat, M.R., Heinze, A., Heinze-Kuhn, K., Thiele, H., Goebel, I., Nürnberg, P., Ptácek, L.J., Göbel, H., Todt, U., and Kubisch, C., Am. J. Med. Genet., B. Neuropsychiatr. Genet., 2008, vol. 147, pp. 37–41.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Oswell, G., Kaunisto, M.A., Kallela, M., Hämäläinen, E., Anttila, V., Kaprio, J., Färkkilä, M., Wessman, M., and Palotie, A., Am. J. Med. Genet., B. Neuropsychiatr. Genet., 2008, vol. 147, pp. 33–36.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Plummer, P.N., Colson, N.J., Lewohl, J.M., Mackay, R.K., Fernandez, F., Haupt, L.M., and Griffiths, L.R., Gene, 2011, vol. 490, pp. 32–36.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Strassman, A.M. and Levy, D., J. Neurophysiol., 2006, vol. 95, pp. 1298–1306.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Hayasaki, H., Sohma, Y., Kanbara, K., Maemura, K., Kubota, T., and Watanabe, M., Eur. J. Neurosci., 2006, vol. 23, pp. 745–757.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Stoyanova, I., Dandov, A., Lazarov, N., and Chouchkov, C., Arch. Physiol. Biochem., 1998, vol. 362–369.

  74. Nakagawa, H., Hiura, A., and Kubo, Y., Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn., 2003, vol. 80, pp. 15–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Stoyanova, I., Acta Histochem., 2004, vol. 106, pp. 309–314.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Hayasaki, H., Sohma, Y., Kanbara, K., and Otsuki, Y., Neuroscience, 2012, vol. 218, pp. 344–358.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Vit, J.P., Ohara, P.T., Sundberg, C., Rubi, B., Maechler, P., Liu, C., Puntel, M., Lowenstein, P., Castro, M., and Jasmin, L., Mol. Pain, 2009, vol. 5, p. 42.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Schurks, M. and Diener, H.C., Eur. J. Neurol., 2008, vol. 15, pp. 1279–1285.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Ginestal, E. and Matute, C., Histochemistry, 1993, vol. 99, pp. 49–55.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Avendaño, C., Machín, R., Bermejo, P.E., and Lagares, A., J. Comp. Neurol., 2005, vol. 493, pp. 538–553.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Todd, A.J., Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 2010, vol. 11, pp. 823–836.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Zeilhofer, H.U., Wildner, H., and Yévenes, G.E., Physiol. Rev., 2012, vol. 92, pp. 193–235.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Basbaum, A.I., Glazer, E.J., and Oertel, W., Somatosens. Res., 1986, vol. 4, pp. 77–94.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Matthews, M.A., McDonald, G.K., and Hernandez, T.V., Somatosens. Res., 1988, vol. 5, pp. 205–217.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Almond, J.R., Westrum, L.E., and Henry, M.A., Synapse, 1996, vol. 24, pp. 39–47.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Iliakis, B., Anderson, N.L., Irish, P.S., Henry, M.A., and Westrum, L.E., J. Comp. Neurol., 1996, vol. 366, pp. 465–77.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Dumba, J.S., Irish, P.S., Anderson, N.L., and Westrum, L.E., Brain Res., 1998, vol. 806, pp. 16–25.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Bae, Y.C., Ihn, H.J., Park, M.J., Ottersen, O.P., Moritani, M., Yoshida, A., and Shigenaga, Y., J. Comp. Neurol., 2000, vol. 418, pp. 299–309.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Bae, Y.C., Park, K.S., Bae, J.Y., Paik, S.K., Ahn, D.K., Moritani, M., Yoshida, A., and Shigenaga, Y., Exp. Brain Res., 2005, vol. 162, pp. 449–457.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Moon, Y.S., Paik, S.K., Seo, J.H., Yi, H.W., Cho, Y.S., Moritani, M., Yoshida, A., Ahn, C.D., Kim, Y.S., and Bae, Y.C., Neuroscience, 2008, vol. 152, pp. 138–145.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Yoshimura, M. and Nishi, S., J. Physiol., 1995, vol. 482, pp. 29–38.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Wang, D., Li, Y.Q., Li, J.L., Kaneko, T., Nomura, S., and Mizuno, N., Neurosci. Let., 2000, vol. 288, pp. 187–190.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Viggiano, A., Monda, M., Viggiano, A., Chiefari, M., Aurilio, C., and De Luca, B., Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2004, vol. 496, pp. 87–92.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Wu, L.A., Huang, J., Wang, W., Wang, W., Li, Y.Q., Wang, X.J., and Wu, S.X., J. Dent. Res., 2010, vol. 89, pp. 532–536.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Wang, X.L., Liang, J.Y., Liu, R.Z., Dong, Z., and Yu, S.Y., Neuroscience, 2013, vol. 248, pp. 145–153.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. DiFiglia, M. and Aronin, N., Synapse, 1990, vol. 6, pp. 358–363.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Wang, D., Wu, J.H., Dong, Y.X., and Li, Y.Q., Brain Res., 2001, vol. 921, pp. 133–137.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Dong, Y.L., Zhang, F.X., Pang, Y.W., and Li, J.L., Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 2007, vol. 28, pp. 180–184.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Qi, J., Zhang, H., Guo, J., Yang, L., Wang, W., Chen, T., Li, H., Wu, S.X., and Li, Y.Q., PLoS One, 2011, vol. 6, no. 8, p. e23275.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Polgar, E., Sardella, T.C., Watanabe, M., and Todd, A.J., J. Comp. Neurol., 2011, vol. 519, pp. 1007–1023.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Sugiyo, S., Uehashi, D., Satoh, F., Abe, T., Yonehara, N., Kobayashi, M., and Takemura, M., Exp. Brain Res., 2009, vol. 196, pp. 229–237.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Lao, L. and Marvízon, J.C., Neuroscience, 2005, vol. 130, pp. 1013–1027.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Takemura, M., Sugiyo, S., Moritani, M., Kobayashi, M., and Yonehara, N., Arch. Histol. Cytol., 2006, vol. 69, pp. 79–100.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Sokolov, A.Y., Lyubashina, O.A., and Panteleev, S.S., Neirokhimiya, 2011, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 104–112.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Sokolov, A.Y., Lyubashina, O.A., Amelin, A.V., and Panteleev, S.S., Neirokhimiya, 2013, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 289–300.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Baba, H., Shimoji, K., and Yoshimura, M., Anesthesiol., 2000, vol. 92, pp. 473–484.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Baba, H., Goldstein, P.A., Okamoto, M., Kohno, T., Ataka, T., Yoshimura, M., and Shimoji, K., Anesthesiol., 2000, vol. 92, pp. 485–492.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Papay, R., Gaivin, R., Jha, A., McCune, D.F., McGrath, J.C., Rodrigo, M.C., Simpson, P.C., Doze, V.A., and Perez, D.M., J. Comp. Neurol., 2006, vol. 497, pp. 209–222.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Oshima, K., Takeda, M., Tanimoto, T., Katsuumi, I., and Matsumoto, S., Brain Res. Bull., 2005, vol. 65, pp. 31–40.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Viguier, F., Michot, B., Kayser, V., Bernard, J.F., Vela, J.M., Hamon, M., and Bourgoin, S., Neuropharmacol., 2012, vol. 63, pp. 1093–1106.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Lu, C.R., Willcockson, H.H., Phend, K.D., Lucifora, S., Darstein, M., Valtschanoff, J.G., and Rustioni, A., J. Comp. Neurol., 2005, vol. 486, pp.169–178.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Kemp, T., Spike, R.C., Watt, C., and Todd, A.J., Neuroscience, 1996, vol. 75, pp. 1231–1238.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. D’Andrea, G., Cananzi, A.R., Joseph, R., Morra, M., Zamberlan, F., Ferro Milone, F., Grunfeld, S., and Welch, K.M., Cephalalgia, 1991, vol. 11, pp. 197–200.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Rothrock, J.F., Mar, K.R., Yaksh, T.L., Golbeck, A., and Moore, A.C., Cephalalgia, 1995, vol. 15, pp. 489–493.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Alam, Z., Coombes, N., Waring, R.H., Williams, A.C., and Steventon, G.B., J. Neurol. Sci., 1998, vol. 156, pp. 102–106.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Rajda, C., Tajti, J., Komoróczy, R., Seres, E., Klivényi, P., and Vécsei, L., Headache, 1999, vol. 39, pp. 644–649.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Polgár, E., Shehab, S.A., Watt, C., and Todd, A.J., J. Neurosci., 1999, vol. 19, pp. 2637–2646.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Yu, X. and Moskowitz, M.A., Cephalalgia, 1995, vol. 15, p. 103.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Yu, X.J. and Moskowitz, M.A., Br. J. Pharmacol., 1996, vol. 119, pp. 229–232.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Gibbs, J.L., Diogenes, A., and Hargreaves, K.M., Br. J. Pharmacol., 2007, vol. 150, pp. 72–79.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Gibbs, J.L. and Hargreaves, K.M., J. Dent. Res., 2008, vol. 87, pp. 948–952.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Smith, P.A., Moran, T.D., Abdulla, F., Tumber, K.K., and Taylor, B.K., Peptides, 2007, vol. 28, pp. 464–474.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Hossaini, M., Goos, J.A., Kohli, S.K., and Holstege, J.C., PLoS One, 2012, vol. 7, no. 4, p. e35293.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Diagne, M., Valla, J., Delfini, C., Buisseret-Delmas, C., and Buisseret, P., J. Comp. Neurol., 2006, vol. 496, pp. 759–772.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Morgan, M.M., Whittier, K.L., Hegarty, D.M., and Aicher, S.A., Pain, 2008, vol. 140, pp. 376–386.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Kincaid, W., Neubert, M.J., Xu, M., Kim, C.J., and Heinricher, M.M., J. Neurophysiol., 2006, vol. 95, pp. 33–41.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Carlson, J.D., Maire, J.J., Martenson, M.E., and Heinricher, M.M., J. Neurosci., 2007, vol. 27, pp. 13222–13231.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Behbehani, M.M., Jiang, M.R., Chandler, S.D., and Ennis, M., Pain, 1990, vol. 40, pp. 195–204.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Reichling, D.B., in The Midbrain Periaqueductal Gray Matter: Functional, Anatomical, and Neurochemical Organisation, Depaulis, A. and Bandler, R., Eds., New York: Plenum, 1991, pp. 329–344.

  130. Jones, B.E., Holmes, C.J., Rodriguez-Veiga, E., and Mainville, L., J. Comp. Neurol., 1991, vol. 313, pp. 349–367.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Knight, Y.E., Bartsch, T., Kaube, H., and Goadsby, P.J., J. Neurosci., 2002, vol. 22, p. 213.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Knight, Y.E., Bartsch, T., and Goadsby, P.J., Neurosci. Let., 2003, vol. 336, pp. 113–116.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Vaughan, C.W., Connor, M., Bagley, E.E., and Christie, M.J., Mol. Pharmacol., 2000, vol. 57, pp. 288–295.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Drew, G.M., Mitchell, V.A., and Vaughan, C.W., J. Neurosci., 2008, vol. 28, pp. 808–815.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Vaughan, C.W. and Christie, M.J., J. Physiol., 1997, vol. 498, pp. 463–472.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Vaughan, C.W., Ingram, S.L., Connor, M.A., and Christie, M.J., Nature, 1997, vol. 390, pp. 611–614.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Kishimoto, K., Koyama, S., and Akaike, N., Neuropharm., 2001, vol. 41, pp. 529–538.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Jeong, H.J., Chenu, D., Johnson, E., Connor, M., and Vaughan, C.W., Molec. Pain, 2008, vol. 4, p. 54.

    Google Scholar 

  139. Fields, H.L., Basbaum, A.I., and Heinricher, M.M., in Textbook of pain McMahon, S.B., and Koltzenburg, M., Eds., Philadelphia: Elsevier, Churchill Livingstone, 2006, pp. 125–142.

  140. Kato, G., Yasaka, T., Katafuchi, T., Furue, H., Mizuno, M., Iwamoto, Y., and Yoshimura, M., J. Neurosci., 2006, vol. 26, pp. 1787–1794.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. Aicher, S.A., Hermes, S.M., Whittier, K.L., and Hegarty, D.M., J. Chem. Neuroanat., 2012, vol. 43, pp. 103–111.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Valla, J., Delfini, C., Diagne, M., Pinganaud, G., Buisseret, P., and Buisseret-Delmas, C., Neurosci. Let., 2003, vol. 340, pp. 225–228.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Malmierca, E., Martin, Y.B., and Nuñez, A., Neuroscience, 2012, vol. 221, pp. 115–124.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. Andreou, A.P., Involvement of kainate glutamate receptors in the modulation of neuronal transmission in brain areas involved in migraine pathophysiology, Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the faculty of Medicine. University College of London, 2008. 304 p.

    Google Scholar 

  145. Kondo, E., Kiyama, H., Araki, T., Shida, T., Ueda, Y., and Tohyama, M., Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res., 1994, vol. 21, pp. 363–367.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Kondo, E., Kiyama, H., Yamano, M., Shida, T., Ueda, Y., and Tohyama, M., Neurosci. Let., 1995, vol. 186, pp. 169–172.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Storer, R.J., Akerman, S., and Goadsby, P.J., Br. J. Pharmacol., 2001, vol. 134, pp. 896–904.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  148. Storer, R.J., Akerman, S., Shields, K.G., and Goadsby, P.J., Brain Res., 2004, vol. 1013, pp. 188–193.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  149. Limmroth, V., Lee, W.S., and Moskowitz, M.A., Br. J. Pharmacol., 1996, vol. 117, pp. 99–104.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. Lee, W.S., Limmroth, V., Ayata, C., Cutrer, F.M., Waeber, C., Yu, X., and Moskowitz, M.A., Br. J. Pharmacol., 1995, vol. 116, pp. 1661–1667.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  151. Puri, J., Vinothini, P., Reuben, J., Bellinger, L.L., Ailing, L., Peng, Y.B., and Kramer, P.R., Neuroscience, 2012, vol. 213, pp. 179–190.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  152. Han, S.M. and Youn, D.H., Neurosci. Let., 2008, vol. 441, pp. 296–301.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Hirata, H., Okamoto, K., and Bereiter, D.A., J. Neurophysiol., 2003, vol. 90, pp. 2837–2849.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  154. Cutrer, F.M. and Moskowitz, M.A., Headache, 1996, vol. 36, pp. 579–585.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  155. Cutrer, F.M., Limmroth, V., Ayata, G., and Moskowitz, M.A., Br. J. Pharmacol., 1995, vol. 116, pp. 3199–3204.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  156. Cutrer, F.M., Limmroth, V., and Moskowitz, M.A., Cephalalgia, 1997, vol. 17, pp. 93–100.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  157. Cutrer, F.M., Mitsikostas, D.D., and Ayata, G., Sanchez del Rio, M., Headache, 1999, vol. 39, pp. 697–704.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  158. Sokolov, A.Y., Effect of Baclofen and Valproate on Activity of Neurons of Spinal Nucleus of Trigeminal Nerve at Rest and during Electic Stimulation of Dura Mater, Cand. Sci. (Med) Dissertation, St. Petersburg: SPbGMU im. akad. I.P. Pavlova, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  159. Paul, J., Zeilhofer, H.U., and Fritschy, J.M., J. Comp. Neurol., 2012, vol. 520, pp. 3895–3911.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  160. Chiang, C.Y., Kwan, C.L., Hu, J.W., and Sessle, B.J., J. Neurophysiol., 1999, vol. 82, pp. 2154–2162.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  161. Sokal, D.M. and Chapman, V., Brain Res., 2003, vol. 962, pp. 213–220.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  162. Andreou, A.P., Shields, K.G., and Goadsby, P.J., Neurobiol. Dis., 2010, vol. 37, pp. 314–323.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  163. Thomas, D.A., McGowan, M.K., and Hammond, D.L., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1995, vol. 275, pp. 274–284.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  164. Sandkuhler, J., Willmann, E., and Fu, Q.G., Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1989, vol. 160, pp. 163–166.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  165. Takemura, M., Shimada, T., and Shigenaga, Y., Neuroscience, 2000, vol. 98, pp. 325–332.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  166. Shefner, S.A. and Osmanović, S.S., Prog. Brain Res., 1991, vol. 88, pp. 187–195.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  167. Waldvogel, H.J., Baer, K., Eady, E., Allen, K.L., Gilbert, R.T., Mohler, H., Rees, M.I., Nicholson, L.F., and Faull, R.L., J. Comp. Neurol., 2010, vol. 518, pp. 305–328.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  168. Xi, Z.X. and Akasu, T., Kurume Med. J, 1996, vol. 43, pp. 115–122.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  169. Akasu, T., Munakata, Y., Tsurusaki, M., and Hasuo, H., J. Neurophysiol., 1999, vol. 82, pp. 1489–1496.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  170. Gulledge, A.T. and Stuart, G.J., Neuron, 2003, vol. 37, pp. 299–309.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  171. Fujiwara-Tsukamoto, Y., Isomura, Y., Nambu, A., and Takada, M., Neuroscience, 2003, vol. 119, pp. 265–275.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  172. Khazipov, R., Khalilov, I., Tyzio, R., Morozova, E., Ben-Ari, Y., and Holmes, G.L., Eur. J. Neurosci., 2004, vol. 19, pp. 590–600.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  173. Marty, A. and Llano, I., Trends. Neurosci., 2005, vol. 28, pp. 284–289.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  174. Bracci, E. and Panzeri, S., J. Neurophysiol., 2006, vol. 95, pp. 1285–1290.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  175. Takeda, M., Tanimoto, T., Ikeda, M., Kadoi, J., and Matsumoto, S., Neuroscience, 2004, vol. 123, pp. 491–505.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  176. Yang, K., Wang, D., and Li, Y.Q., Brain Res. Bull., 2001, vol. 55, pp. 479–485.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  177. Riley, R.C., Trafton, J.A., Chi, S.I., and Basbaum, A.I., Neuroscience, 2001, vol. 103, pp. 725–737.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  178. Nowak, P., Kowalin-ska-Kania, M., Nowak, D., Kostrzewa, R.M., and Malinowska-Borowska, J., Neurotox. Res., 2013, vol. 24, pp. 258–264.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  179. Yang, K. and Ma, H., Neuroscience, 2011, vol. 193, pp. 411–420.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  180. Marshall, F.H., Results Probl. Cell Differ., 2008, vol. 44, pp. 87–98.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  181. Takemura, M., Shimada, T., and Shigenaga, Y., Neuroscience, 2001, vol. 103, pp. 1051–1058.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  182. Ataka, T., Kumamoto, E., Shimoji, K., and Yoshimura, M., Pain, 2000, vol. 86, pp. 273–282.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  183. Iyadomi, M., Iyadomi, I., Kumamoto, E., Tomokuni, K., and Yoshimura, M., Pain, 2000, vol. 85, pp. 385–393.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  184. Choi, I.S., Cho, J.H., Jeong, S.G., Hong, J.S., Kim, S.J., Kim, J., Lee, M.G., Choi, B.J., and Jang, I.S., Pain, 2008, vol. 138, pp. 330–342.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  185. Holland, P.R., Akerman, S., and Goadsby, P.J., Cephalalgia, 2010, vol. 30, pp. 519–527.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  186. Hering-Hanit, R., Cephalalgia, 1999, vol. 19, pp. 589–591.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  187. Erdemoglu, A.K. and Ozbakir, S., Acta Neurol. Scand., 2000, vol. 102, pp. 354–358.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  188. Bartolini, M., Silvestrini, M., Taffi, R., Lanciotti, C., Luconi, R., Capecci, M., and Provinciali, L., Clin. Neuropharm., 2005, vol. 28, pp. 277–279.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. Provinciali, L., Clin. Neuropharmacol., 2005, vol. 28, pp. 277–279.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  190. Wenzel, R.G., Schwarz, K., and Padiyara, R.S., Pharmacotherapy, 2006, vol. 26, pp. 375–387.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  191. Silberstein, S.D. and McCrory, D.C., Headache, 2001, vol. 41, pp. 953–967.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  192. Hering, R. and Kuritzky, A., Cephalalgia, 1989, vol. 9, pp. 195–198.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  193. Hering-Hanit, R. and Gadoth, N., Headache, 2000, vol. 40, pp. 48–51.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  194. Hering-Hanit, R. and Gadoth, N., Curr. Pain Headache Rep., 2001, vol. 5, pp. 79–82.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  195. McGeeney, B.E., Curr. Pain Headache Rep., 2003, vol. 7, pp. 135–138.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  196. Cohen, A.S. and Goadsby, P.J., J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 2007, vol. 78, pp. 96–97.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  197. Camarda, C., Camarda, R., and Monastero, R., Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg., 2008, vol. 110, pp. 88–91.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  198. Freitag, F.G., Diamond, S., Diamond, M.L., and Urban, G.J., Headache, 2001, vol. 41, pp. 271–278.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  199. Yurekli, V.A., Akhan, G., Kutluhan, S., Uzar, E., Koyuncuoglu, H.R., and Gultekin, F., J. Headache Pain, 2008, vol. 9, pp. 37–41.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  200. Evans, R.W. and Baskin, S.M., Headache, 2010, vol. 50, pp. 1194–1197.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  201. Tfelt-Hansen, P.C. and Diener, H.C., Headache, 2012, vol. 52, pp. 672–674.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  202. Tepper, S.J., Continuum (Minneap Minn), 2012, vol. 18, pp. 807–822.

    Google Scholar 

  203. Saper, J.R. and Da Silva, A.N., CNS Drugs, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  204. Freitag, F.G., Collins, S.D., Carlson, H.A., Goldstein, J., Saper, J., Silberstein, S., Mathew, N., Winner, P.K., Deaton, R., and Sommerville, K., Neurology, 2002, vol. 58, pp. 1652–1659.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  205. Leone, M., Dodick, D., Rigamonti, A., D’Amico, D., Grazzi, L., Mea, E., and Bussone, G., Cephalalgia, 2003, vol. 23, pp. 1001–1002.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  206. Bussone, G., Usai, S., and D’Amico, D., Neurol. Sci., 2006, vol. 27, pp. 159–163.

    Google Scholar 

  207. Shaygannejad, V., Janghorbani, M., Ghorbani, A., Ashtary, F., Zakizade, N., and Nasr, V., Headache, 2006, vol. 46, pp. 642–648.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  208. Silberstein, S., Lipton, R., Dodick, D., Freitag, F., Mathew, N., Brandes, J., Bigal, M., Ascher, S., Morein, J., Wright, P., Greenberg, S., and Hulihan, J., Headache, 2009, vol. 49, pp. 1153–1162.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  209. Afshari, D., Rafizadeh, S., and Rezaei, M., Int. J. Neurosci., 2012, vol. 122, pp. 60–68.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  210. Leniger, T., Pageler, L., Stude, P., Diener, H.C., and Limmroth, V., Headache, 2005, vol. 45, pp. 42–46.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  211. Reiter, P.D., Nickisch, J., and Merritt, G., Headache, 2005, vol. 45, pp. 899–903.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  212. Shahien, R., Saleh, S.A., and Bowirrat, A., Acta Neurol. Scand., 2011, vol. 123, pp. 257–265.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  213. Mathew, N.T., Rapoport, A., Saper, J., Magnus, L., Klapper, J., Ramadan, N., Stacey, B., and Tepper, S., Headache, 2001, vol. 41, pp. 119–128.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  214. Vuković, V., Lovrencić-Huzjan, A., Bosnar-Puretić, M., and Demarin, V., Acta Clin. Croat., 2009, vol. 48, pp. 145–151.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  215. Calandre, E.P., Garcia-Leiva, J.M., Rico-Villademoros, F., Vilchez, J.S., and Rodriguez-Lopez, C.M., Clin. Neuropharmacol., 2010, vol. 33, pp. 35–39.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  216. Rizzato, B., Leone, G., Misaggi, G., Zivi, I., and Diomedi, M., Clin. Neuropharmacol., 2011, vol. 34, pp. 74–78.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  217. Leandri, M., Luzzani, M., Cruccu, G., and Gottlieb, A., Cephalalgia, 2001, vol. 21, pp. 744–746.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  218. Tay, B.A., Ngan, KeeW.D., and Chung, D.C., Reg. Anesth. Pain Med., 2001, vol. 26, pp. 373–375.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  219. Vuković, V., Lovrencić-Huzjan, A., Budisić, M., and Demarin, V., Acta Clin. Croat., 2009, vol. 48, pp. 311–314.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  220. Willmore, L.J., Neurology, 2000, vol. 55, pp. 17–24.

    Google Scholar 

  221. Lanneau, C., Green, A., Hirst, W.D., Wise, A., Brown, J.T., Donnier, E., Charles, K.J., Wood, M., Davies, C.H., and Pangalos, M.N., Neuropharmacol., 2001, vol. 41, pp. 965–975.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  222. Cheng, J.K. and Chiou, L.C., J. Pharmacol. Sci., 2006, vol. 100, pp. 471–486.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  223. Sills, G.J., Curr. Opin. Pharmacol., 2006, vol. 6, pp. 108–113.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  224. Kumar, A. and Goyal, R., Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol., 2007, vol. 21, pp. 575–581.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  225. Kumar, A. and Goyal, R., Indian J. Exp. Biol., 2008, vol. 46, pp. 159–163.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  226. http://www.rlsnet.ru/mnn-index-id-3074.htm

  227. Puppe, A. and Limmroth, V., CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets, 2007, vol. 6, pp. 247–250.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  228. Storer, R.J. and Goadsby, P.J., Cephalalgia, 2004, vol. 24, pp. 1049–1056.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  229. Akerman, S. and Goadsby, P.J., Neuroreport, 2005, vol. 16, pp. 1383–1387.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  230. Akerman, S. and Goadsby, P.J., Br. J. Pharm., 2005, vol. 146, pp. 7–14.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. Durham, P.L., Niemann, C., and Cady, R., Headache, 2006, vol. 46, pp. 1291–1295.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  232. Andreou, A.P. and Goadsby, P.J., Cephalalgia, 2011, vol. 31, pp. 1343–1358.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  233. Sokolov, A.Y., Lyubashina, O.A., Sivachenko, I.B., Berkovich, R.R., and Panteleev, S.S., Eur. J. Pharm., 2013, vol. 715, pp. 204–211.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. Angehagen, M., Ben-Menachem, E., Rönnbäck, L., and Hansson, E., Neurochem. Res., 2003, vol. 28, pp. 333–340.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  235. http://www.rlsnet.ru/mnn-index-id-380.htm

  236. http://www.rlsnet.ru/mnn-index-id-2778.htm

  237. Ayata, C., Jin, H., Kudo, C., Dalkara, T., and Moskowitz, M.A., Ann. Neurol., 2006, vol. 59, pp. 652–661.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  238. Bogdanov, V.B., Multon, S., Chauvel, V., Bogdanova, O.V., Prodanov, D., Makarchuk, M.Y., and Schoenen, J., Neurobiol. Dis., 2011, vol. 41, pp. 430–435.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  239. Unekawa, M., Tomita, Y., Toriumi, H., and Suzuki, N., Cephalalgia, 2012, vol. 32, pp. 518–527.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  240. Bowyer, S.M., Mason, K.M., Moran, J.E., Tepley, N., and Mitsias, P.D., J. Clin. Neurophysiol., 2005, vol. 22, pp. 65–67.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  241. Palermo, A., Fierro, B., Giglia, G., Cosentino, G., Puma, A.R., and Brighina, F., Neurosci. Let., 2009, vol. 467, pp. 26–29.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  242. Tvedskov, J.F., Thomsen, L.L., Iversen, H.K., Gibson, A., Wiliams, P., and Olesen, J., Cephalalgia, 2004, pp. 576–585.

    Google Scholar 

  243. Dhir, A., Lossin, C., and Rogawski, M.A., Neurosci. Let., 2012, vol. 514, pp. 67–70.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  244. Hirata, K., Tatsumoto, M., Araki, N., Takeshima, T., Igarashi, H., Shibata, K., and Sakai, F., Intern. Med., 2007, vol. 46, pp. 467–472.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  245. Sheridan, D.C., Spiro, D.M., Nguyen, T., Koch, T.K., and Meckler, G.D., Pediatr. Emerg. Care, 2012, vol. 28, pp. 1293–1296.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  246. Soleimanpour, H., Ghafouri, R.R., Taheraghdam, A., Aghamohammadi, D., Negargar, S., Golzari, S.E., and Abbasnezhad, M., BMC Neurol., 2012, vol. 12, p. 114.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  247. Soleimanpour, H., Taheraghdam, A., Ghafouri, R.R., Taghizadieh, A., Marjany, K., and Soleimanpour, M., Int. J. Emerg. Med., 2012, vol. 5, p. 19.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  248. Shukla, R., Nag, D., and Ahuja, R.C., J. Assoc. Physicians India, 1996, vol. 44, pp. 641–644.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  249. Maizels, M., Headache, 2010, vol. 50, pp. 650–656.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Y. Sokolov.

Additional information

Original Russian Text © A.Y. Sokolov, O.A. Lyubashina, A.V. Amelin, S.S. Panteleev, 2014, published in Neirokhimiya, 2014, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 106–121.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sokolov, A.Y., Lyubashina, O.A., Amelin, A.V. et al. The role of gamma-aminobutyric acid in migraine pathogenesis. Neurochem. J. 8, 89–102 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1819712414020093

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1819712414020093

Keywords

Navigation