Abstract
Here we review the specific features of free-radical processes in the CNS. We review the pathways of the generation of reactive oxygen species in nervous nerve tissue, the specific parameters of substrates of free-radical oxidation, and the contents and activities of various antioxidants. We briefly describe some physiological effects of reactive oxygen species in the nervous tissue.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
References
- 1.
Finkel, T. and Holbrook, N.J., Nature, 2000, vol. 408, p. 239–247.
- 2.
Droge, W., Physiol. Rev., 2002, vol. 82, p. 47–95.
- 3.
Rhee, S.G., Science, 2006, vol. 312, p. 1882–1883.
- 4.
Valko, M., Leibfritz, D., Moncol, J., Cronin, M., Mazur, M., and Telser, J., Int. J. Bioch. Cell Biol., 2007, vol. 39, p. 44–84.
- 5.
Martinez-Cayuela, H., Biochimie, 1995, vol. 77, no. 3, p. 147–161.
- 6.
Bergamini, C., Gambetti, S., Dondi, A., and Cervellati, C., Curr. Pharm. Des., 2004, vol. 10, no. 14, p. 1611–1626.
- 7.
Chong, Z., Li, F., and Maiese, K., Prog. Neurobiol., 2005, vol. 75, pp. 207–246.
- 8.
Lykkesfeldt, J. and Svendsen, O., Vet. J., 2007, vol. 173, pp. 502–511.
- 9.
Eshchenko, N.D., Biokhimiya mozga (Biochemistry of the Brain), Eds., Ashmarin, I.P., Stukalov, P.V., and Eshchenko, N.D., St. Petersburg, 1999, pp. 124–169.
- 10.
Erecinska, M., Cherian S., Silver I.A, Prog. Neurobiol., 2004, vol. 73, pp. 397–445.
- 11.
Reiter, R.J., FASEB J., 1995, vol. 9, pp. 526–533.
- 12.
Halliwell, B., J. Neurochem., 2006, vol. 97, pp. 1634–1658.
- 13.
Putilina, F.E., Galkina, O.V., Eshchenko, N.D., Dizhe, G.P., and Krasovskaya, I.E., Svobodnoradikal’noe okislenie (Free Radical Oxidation), Ed., Eshchenko, N.D., St. Petersburg: Izd. SPbGU, 2008.
- 14.
Shohami, E., Beit-Yannai, E., Horowitz, M., and Kohen, R., J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 1997, vol. 17, pp. 1007–1019.
- 15.
Dringen, R., Pawlowski, P.G., and Hirrlinger, J., J. Neurosci. Res., 2005, vol. 79, pp. 157–165.
- 16.
Phillis, J.W., Horrocks, L., and Farooqui, A., Brain Res. Rev., 2006, vol. 52, pp. 201–243.
- 17.
Kudin, A.P., Malinska, D., and Kunz, W.S., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2008, vol. 1777, pp. 689–695.
- 18.
Fraser, P.A., Free Rad. Biol. Med., 2011, vol. 51, pp. 967–977.
- 19.
Miksys, S. and Tyndale, R.F., Drug. Metab. Rev., 2004, vol. 36, pp. 313–333.
- 20.
Boldyrev, A.A., Karnozin (Carnosine), Moscow: Izd.MGU, 1998.
- 21.
Kosenko, E., Venediktova, N., Kaminsky, Y., Montoliu, C., and Felipo, V., Brain Res., 2003, vol. 981, pp. 193–200.
- 22.
Noh, K.-M. and Koh, J.-Y., J. Neurosci., 2000, vol. 20, pp. 1–5.
- 23.
Bedard, K. and Krause, K., Physiol. Rev., 2007, vol. 87, pp. 245–313.
- 24.
Brown, D.I. and Griendling, K.K., Free Rad. Biol. Med., 2009, vol. 47, pp. 1239–1253.
- 25.
Kishida, K.T., Pao, M., Holland, S.M., and Klann, E., J. Neurochem., 2005, vol. 94, pp. 299–306.
- 26.
Infanger, D.W., Sharma, R.V., and Davisson, R.L., Antiox. Redox Signaling, 2006, vol. 8, nos. 9–10, pp. 1583–1596.
- 27.
Guix, F.X., Uribesalgo, I., Coma, M., and Munoz, F.J., Progr. Neurobiol., 2005, vol. 76, pp. 126–152.
- 28.
Reutov, V.P., Sorokina, E.G., Okhotin, V.E., and Kositsyn, N.S., Tsiklicheskie prevrashcheniya oksida azota v organizme mlekopitayushchikh (Cyclic Conversions of Nitric Oxide in the Mammalian Body), Moscow: Nauka, 1997.
- 29.
Campese, V., Sindhu, R., Ye, S., Bai, Y., Vaziri, N., and Jabbari, B., Brain Res., 2007, vol. 1134, pp. 27–32.
- 30.
Rodrigo, J., Fernandez, A.P., Serrano, J., Peinado, M.A., and Martinez, A., Free Rad. Biol. Med, 2005, vol. 39, pp. 26–50.
- 31.
Boldyrev, A.A., Usp. Fiziol. Nauk, 2003, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 21–34.
- 32.
Proskuryakov, S.Ya., Konoplyannikov, A.G., and Ivannikov, A.I., Usp. Sovrem. Biol., 1999, vol. 119, no. 4, pp. 380–395.
- 33.
Gal, S., Zheng, H., Fridkin, M., and Youdim, M., J. Neurochem., 2005, vol. 95, pp. 79–88.
- 34.
Marchitti, S.A., Deitrich, R.A., and Vasilion, V., Pharmacol. Rev., 2007, vol. 59, pp. 125–150.
- 35.
Tolleson, W.H., Encyclopedia of Neurosci., Ed. Squire, L.R., Elsevier Ltd., 2009, Pt. 13, pp. 2288–2294.
- 36.
Parent, M. and Parent, A., Can. J. Neurol. Sci., 2010, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 313–319.
- 37.
Tumanova, S.Yu., Biokhimiya mozga (Biochemistry of the Brain), Eds., Ashmarin, I.P., Stukalov, P.V., and Eshchenko, N.D., St. Petersburg, 1999, pp. 81–124.
- 38.
Neuringer, M., Anderson, G., and Connor, W., Ann. Rev. Nutrit., 1988, vol. 8, pp. 517–541.
- 39.
Farooqui, A.A., Beneficial effects of fish oil on human brain, Springer, 2009, pp. 151–187.
- 40.
Rehncrona, S., Smith, D., and Akesson, B., J. Neurochem., 1980, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 1630–1638.
- 41.
Waterfall, A.H., Singh, G., Fry, J., and Marsden, C.A., Neurosci. Let., 1995, vol. 200, no. 1, pp. 69–72.
- 42.
Noda, J., McGeer, P., and McGeer, E., J. Neurochem., 1983, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 1329–1332.
- 43.
Mizuno, Y. and Ohta, K., J. Neurochem., 1986, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 1344–1352.
- 44.
Samson, J., Devi, R., Ravindran, R., and Senthilvelan, M., Environmental Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2005, vol. 20, pp. 142–148.
- 45.
Chong, Z.Z., Li, F., and Maiese, K., Progr. Neurobiol., 2005, vol. 75, pp. 207–246.
- 46.
Mariani, E., Polidori, M.C., Cherubini, A., and Mecocci, P., J. Chromatography B, 2005, vol. 827, pp. 65–75.
- 47.
Dubinina, E.E., Produkty metabolizma kisloroda v funktsional’noi aktivnosti kletok (zhizn’ i smert’, sozidanie i razrushenie). Fiziologicheskie i klinikobiokhimicheskie aspekty (Products of Oxygen Metabolism in Functional Activity of Cells (Life and Death, Creation and Destruction). Physiological and Clinico-Biochemical Aspects), St. Petersburg: Izd. Meditsinskaya pressa, 2006.
- 48.
Aizenman, E., Neurosci. Let., 1995, vol. 189, pp. 57–59.
- 49.
Agbas, A., Chen, X., Hong, O., Kumar, K.N., and Michaelis, E.K., Free Rad. Biol. Med., 2002, vol. 32, pp. 512–524.
- 50.
Rouault, T.A. and Cooperman, S., Seminars in Pediatric Neurol., 2006, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 142–148.
- 51.
Ke, Y. and Qian, Z.M., Progr. Neurobiol., 2007, vol. 83, pp. 149–173.
- 52.
Singh, S. and Hider, R.C., in Free Radical Damage and its Control, Eds., Rice-Evans, C.A. and Burdon, R, Elsevier, 1994, vol. 28, pp. 189–217.
- 53.
Zelko, I.N., Mariani, T.J., and Folz, R.J., Free Rad. Biol. Med., 2002, vol. 33, pp. 337–349.
- 54.
Miller, A.-F., Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 2004, vol. 8, pp. 162–168.
- 55.
Johnson, F. and Giulivi, C. Mol., Aspects Med., 2005, vol. 26, pp. 340–352.
- 56.
Nakano, M., Methods Enzymol., 1990, vol. 186, pp. 227–232.
- 57.
Blomgren, K. and Hagberg, H., Free Rad. Biol. Med., 2006, vol. 40, pp. 388–397.
- 58.
Culotta, V.C., Yang, M., and O’Halloran, T.V., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2006, vol. 1763, pp. 747–758.
- 59.
Thiels, E., Urban, N., Gonzalez-Burgos, G., Kanterewicz, B., Barrionuevo, G., Chu, C., Oury, T., and Klann, E., J. Neurosci., 2000, vol. 20, pp. 7631–7639.
- 60.
Ansari, K.A., Kaplan, E., and Shoeman, D., Growth Dev. Aging, 1989, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 117–121.
- 61.
Stroev, S.A. and Samoilov, M.O., Endogennye antioksidanty i gipoksicheskaya tolerantnost’ mozga (Endogenous Antioxidants and Hypoxic Tolerance of the Brain), St. Petersburg: Izd-vo In-ta fiziologii im. I.P. Pavlova RAN, 2006.
- 62.
Ho, Y.S., Magnenat, J.L., Bronson, R.T., Cao, J., Gargano, M., Sugawara, M., and Funk, C., J Biol. Chem., 1997, vol. 272, pp. 16644–16651.
- 63.
Cohen, G., in: Oxidative Stress, Ed., Sies, H., Acad. Press., 1985, pp. 383–401.
- 64.
Imai, H. and Nakagawa, Y., Free Rad. Biol. Med., 2003, vol. 34, pp. 145–169.
- 65.
Schweizer, U., Brauer, A.U., Kohrle, J., Nitsch, R., and Savaskan, N.E., Brain Res. Rev., 2004, vol. 45, pp. 164–178.
- 66.
Herbette, S., Roeckel-Drevet, P., and Drevet, J.R., FEBS J., 2007, vol. 274, pp. 2163–2180.
- 67.
Savaskan, N.E., Borchert, A., Brauer, A.U., and Kuhn, H., Free Rad. Biol. Med., 2007, vol. 43, pp. 191–201.
- 68.
Savaskan, N.E., Ufer, C., Kuhn, H., and Borchert, A., Biol. Chem., 2007, vol. 388, pp. 1007–1017.
- 69.
Zhua, Y., Carvey, P.M., and Ling, Z., Brain Res., 2006, vol. 1090, pp. 35–44.
- 70.
Crack, P.J., Taylor, J.M., Flentjar, N., de Haan, J., Hertzog, P., Iannello, R., and Kola, I., J. Neurochem., 2001, vol. 78, pp. 1389–1399.
- 71.
Hong, Y., Li, C.-H., Burgess, J.R., Chang, M., Salem, A., Srikumar, K., and Reddy, C.C., J. Biol. Chem., 1989, vol. 264, no. 23, pp. 13793–13800.
- 72.
Oakley, A.J., Curr. Opin. Structural Biol., 2005, vol. 15, pp. 716–723.
- 73.
Gallagher, E.P., Gardner, J.L., and Barber, D.S., Biochem. Pharmacol., 2006, vol. 71, pp. 1619–1628.
- 74.
Backos, D.S., Franklin, C.C., and Reigan, P., Biochem. Pharmacol., 2012, vol. 83, pp. 1005–1012.
- 75.
Johnson, J.A., El Barbary, A., Kornguth, S.E., Brugge, J.F., and Siegel, F.L., J. Neurosci., 1993, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 2013–2023.
- 76.
Sagara, J. and Sugita, Y., Brain Res., 2001, vol. 902, pp. 190–197.
- 77.
Tamura, Y., Kataoka, Y., Cui, Y., Takamori, Y., Watanabe, Y., and Yamada, H., Neuroscience, 2007, vol. 148, pp. 535–540.
- 78.
Dringen, R., Prog. Neurobiol., 2000, vol. 62, pp. 649–671.
- 79.
Brannan, T.S., Maker, H.S., Raes, I., and Weiss, C., Brain Res., 1980, vol. 200, no. 2, pp. 474–477.
- 80.
Hayes, J.D., Milner, S.W., and Walker, S.W., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1989, vol. 994, pp. 21–29.
- 81.
Dringen, R., Gutterer, J., and Hirrlinger, J., Eur. J. Biochem., 2000, vol. 267, pp. 4912–4916.
- 82.
Dickinson, D., Moellering, D., Iles, K., Patel, R., Levonen, A., Wigley, A., Darley-Usmar, V., and Forman, H., Biol. Chem., 2003, vol. 384, pp. 527–537.
- 83.
Nordberg, J. and Arner, E.S., Free Rad. Biol. Med., 2001, vol. 31, pp. 1287–1312.
- 84.
Rybnikova, E., Damdimopoulos, A.E., Gustafsson, J.A., Spyrou, G., and Pelto-Huikko, M., Eur. J. Neurosci., 2000, vol. 12, pp. 1669–1678.
- 85.
Aon-Bertolino, M., Romero, J., Galeano, P., Holubiec, M., Badorrey, M., Saraceno, G., Hanschmann, E., Lillig, C., and Capani, F., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2011, vol. 1810, pp. 93–110.
- 86.
Drechsel, D. and Patel, M., J. Biol. Chem., 2010, vol. 285, no. 36, pp. 27850–27858.
- 87.
Atkinson, J., Epand, R.F., and Epand, R.M., Free Rad. Biol. Med., 2008, vol. 44, pp. 739–764.
- 88.
Nikushkin, E.V., Neirokhimiya, 1989, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 124–145.
- 89.
Makar, T.K., Nedergaard, M., Preuss, A., Gelbard, A.S., Perumal, A.S., and Cooper, A.J., J. Neurochem., 1994, vol. 62, pp. 45–53.
- 90.
Harrison, F.E. and May, J.M., Free Rad. Biol. Med., 2009, vol. 46, pp. 719–730.
- 91.
Harrison, F.E., Green, R.J., Dawes, S.M., and May, J.M., Brain Res., 2010, vol. 1348, pp. 181–186.
- 92.
Reiter, R.J., Prog. Neurobiol., 1998, vol. 56, pp. 359–384.
- 93.
Reiter, R.J., Acuna-Castroviejo, D., Tan, D.-X., and Burkhardt, S., Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 2001, vol. 939, pp. 200–215.
- 94.
Hardeland, R., D.P. Cardinali, V. Srinivasan, D.W. Spence, G.M. Brown, S.R. Pandi-Perumal, Progr. Neurobiol., 2011, vol. 93, pp. 350–384.
- 95.
Reiter, R.J., Tan, D.-X., Manchester, L.C., and El Sawi, M.R., Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 2002, vol. 959, pp. 238–250.
- 96.
Erin, A.N. and Gulyaeva, N.V., Byull. Eksp. Biol. Med., 1994, vol. 118, no. 10, pp. 343–348.
- 97.
Finkel, T. and Holbrook, N.J., Nature, 2000, vol. 408, pp. 239–247.
- 98.
Knapp, L.T. and Klann, E., J. Neurosci. Res., 2002, vol. 70, pp. 1–7.
- 99.
Heusler, P. and Boehmer, G., Brain Res., 2004, vol. 1024, pp. 104–112.
- 100.
O’Donnell, V.D. and Freeman, B.A., Circ. Res., 2001, vol. 88, pp. 12–21.
- 101.
Janssen-Heininger, Y., Mossman, B., Heintz, N., Forman, H., Kalyanaraman, B., Finkel, T., Stamler, J., Rhee, S., and van der Vliet, A., Free Rad. Biol. Med., 2008, vol. 45, pp. 1–17.
- 102.
Ray, P.D., Huang, B.-W., and Tsuji, Y., Cell. Signal., 2012, vol. 24, pp. 981–990.
- 103.
Hirrlinger, J. and Dringen, R., Brain Res. Rev., 2010, vol. S63, pp. 177–188.
Author information
Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © O.V. Galkina, 2013, published in Neirokhimiya, 2013, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 93–102.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Galkina, O.V. The specific features of free-radical processes and the antioxidant defense in the adult brain. Neurochem. J. 7, 89–97 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1819712413020025
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
Keywords
- free radicals
- free-radical oxidation
- antioxidant system, antioxidant defense
- low molecular antioxidants
- CNS
- brain