Abstract
Methods for designing and optimizing the central region of a compact cyclotron are described. Algorithms for the development of the geometric structure of the center, providing both an effective beam transmission and a high quality of the beam captured for the further acceleration, are given. Methods of computer modeling of the cyclotron central region are considered. The description of most basic elements of the beam control and shaping in modern cyclotrons and the methods for optimizing their parameters are given. Both cyclotrons with internal ion source and with external injection using spiral electrostatic inflector are considered.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
www.operafea.com.
www.ansys.com.
www.cst.com.
V. Smirnov, “Computer codes for beam dynamics analysis of cyclotron-like accelerators,” Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 20, 124801 (2017).
E. R. Forringer, “Phase space characterization of an internal ion source for cyclotrons,” PhD Thesis (Dep. Phys. Astron., MSU, USA, 2004).
C. Wouters, C. Baumgarten, S. Forss, V. Vrankovic, H. Zhang, and M. Schippers, “Central region studies of the 250 MeV SC cyclotron for proton therapy,” in Proceedings of the ECPM Conference, 2009.
Y. Batygin, “Low energy beam transport for intense beams, high intensity RF linear accelerators,” in Proceedings of the U.S. Particle Accelerator School, Albuquerque, New Mexico, June 23–27, 2014.
H. G. Blosser, “Optimization of the cyclotron central region for the nuclear physics user,” in Proceedings of the 5th International Cyclotron Conference, Oxford, UK, 1969.
G. Bellomo, “The central region for compact cyclotrons,” in Proceedings of the CYCLOTRONS’89, Berlin, Germany, 1989, pp. 325–334.
J.-L. Belmont, “Ion transport from the source to first cyclotron orbit,” Nucleonika 48, S13–S20 (2003).
Lj. S. Milinkovic, K. M. Subotic, and E. Fabrici, “Properties of centered accelerated equilibrium orbits,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 273, 87–96 (1988).
J. M. van Nieuwland and N. Hazewindus, “Some aspects of the design of a cyclotron central region,” Philips Res. Rep. 29, 528–559 (1974).
T. Kalvas, “Beam extraction and transport,” in Proceedings of the CAS-CERN Accelerator School, Ion Sources, Senec, Slovakia, May 29–June 8, 2012, Paper CERN-2013-007, pp. 537–564.
F. Chautard, “Beam dynamics for cyclotrons,” CAS Proc. 12, 209 (2005).
M. M. Gordon and T. A. Welton, “Computation methods for AVF cyclotron design studies,” Report ORNL-2765 (Oak Ridge National Lab., 1959).
E. P. Zhidkov, E. E. Perepelkin, and S. B. Vorozhtsov, “Modeling of the spiral inflector and the orbit centering in a compact cyclotron,” Math. Models Comput. Simul. 1, 704–711 (2009).
W. Kleeven and S. Zaremba, “Cyclotrons: magnetic design and beam dynamics,” arXiv (2018).
I. A. Ivanenko, “Methods of compensation of the beam vertical divergence at the exit of spiral inflector in cyclotrons,” in Proceedings of the CYCLOTRONS'16, Zurich, Switzerland, 2016.
B. N. Gikal, G. G. Gulbekian, and I. A. Ivanenko, “U400 cyclotron spiral inflector with beam vertical focusing effect,” in Proceedings of the IPAC’10, Kyoto, Japan, 2010, pp. 4536–4538.
W. D. Kilpatrick, “Criterion for vacuum sparking designed to include both RF and DC,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 28, 824 (1957).
A. S. Verdú, “Literature research on Kilpatrick’s criterion,” in Proceedings of the CLIC Experimental and Breakdown Studies Meeting, CERN, Dec. 8, 2009.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated by E. Smirnova
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Smirnov, V.L. Central Region Design in a Compact Cyclotron. Phys. Part. Nuclei Lett. 16, 34–45 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1547477119010114
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1547477119010114