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Geochemical Characteristics of Volcanogenic Deposits and Exhalation Mineralization in the Crater Part of the Active Kudryavy Volcano (Iturup Island of the Kuril Arc)

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Abstract

Exhalation ore mineralization is developing in the crater part of the active Kudryavy volcano. Lithogeochemical sampling results have revealed that Re, Au, Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Cu, Ge, In, Mo, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Sn, Te, Tl, W, Zn, Rb, and Cs accumulate in solid fumarole formations. These elements are transported by high-temperature volcanic gases and are deposited in mineral phases in the near-surface horizons of fumarole fields under decreasing temperature conditions. The contents of rhenium and other metals in volcanic deposits of fumarole fields locally reach values characteristic of ore deposits. Zoning of lithogeochemical anomalies in ore element associations has been revealed, expressed by the series Re, Mo, W, Au, Cu, Ag, Zn, Cs, Ge → In → Bi, Cd, Pb, Sn, Tl → As, Sb, Se, Te, (Cu, Ag, Au) in the direction from the highest-temperature fumarole fields to less hot, reflecting their temperature zoning. It is demonstrated that lateral geochemical zoning is caused both by the ore element contents in fumarole gases, which depend on temperature, and by differences in the optimal temperature ranges in which various elements precipitate from gases. Signatures for similar exhalation mineral formation processes have been revealed that occurred in the recent geological past at the neighboring extinct Sredny volcano. This suggests the occurrence of similar processes within other volcanic systems of Iturup Island, which increases the prospects for detecting complex exhalation-related manifestations of rare, base, and noble metals.

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Notes

  1. In addition to published materials, the article involves data obtained from prospecting and evaluation works by a team from the Institute of Volcanology and Geodynamics (IVG) of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences in 1993–2001 under the supervision of G.S. Steinberg, which assessed rhenium reserves at the Kudryavy volcano ore occurrence (Iturup Island), reflected in the IVG report under state contract no. 17–98.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are grateful to M.L. Korobov for financial support of research, M.S. Voronov for participating in geochemical field works at Kudryavy volcano in 2015, P.Yu. Kovtunovich for the kindly provided geological map of the crater part of Kudryavy volcano, I.V. Chaplygin for valuable criticism, and N.S. Bortnikov for carefully reading the manuscript and useful advice on its improvement.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tellur Group, Tellur North-East LLC, 190068, St. Petersburg, Russia

    A. G. Marchenko, M. V. Morozov & N. S. Khrol

  2. Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017, Moscow, Russia

    A. A. Volfson

  3. LLC Institute of Volcanology and Geodynamics, 123001, Moscow, Russia

    G. S. Steinberg & M. G. Steinberg

  4. St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Earth Sciences, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia

    M. V. Morozov

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  1. A. G. Marchenko
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  2. A. A. Volfson
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  3. M. V. Morozov
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  4. N. S. Khrol
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  5. G. S. Steinberg
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  6. M. G. Steinberg
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Correspondence to A. G. Marchenko, A. A. Volfson, M. V. Morozov, N. S. Khrol, G. S. Steinberg or M. G. Steinberg.

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Marchenko, A.G., Volfson, A.A., Morozov, M.V. et al. Geochemical Characteristics of Volcanogenic Deposits and Exhalation Mineralization in the Crater Part of the Active Kudryavy Volcano (Iturup Island of the Kuril Arc). Geol. Ore Deposits 62, 122–137 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075701520020038

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