Abstract
The phase state of the fluid in the H2O–KF ± KCl ± NaF system is studied in the presence of quartz for an experimental assay of the mutual influence of various salts of the fluid-forming mixture on heterogeneous fluid equilibria. The fluid inclusions were synthesized in quartz by the fracture healing method from solutions with KF + KCl and KF + NaF mixtures at 1 or 2 kbar and 700, 750, or 800°C. The results of the fluid inclusion study indicate a heterogeneous state of the fluid and variation in the fluid composition during experiments as a result of its interaction with quartz. The increase in temperature and pressure, as well as variation in the proportions of the salt contents in the fluid-forming mixture, changed the course of chemical reactions. After all the experiments, a glassy phase was observed in some types of inclusions. It is known that aqueous KF or KCl solutions, the solubility of which increases during heating, are characterized by phase equilibria of systems of the first type (Valyashko, 1990), when liquid and vapor are equilibrated for a heterogeneous state of the fluid. In this case, some inclusions should homogenize to vapor. However, no similar inclusions were observed in contrast to denser fluid phases (liquids), which are typical of the upper heterogeneous area of systems of the second (P–Q) type. Some inclusions host solid phases, the solubility of which decreases as the temperature increases. The results of experiments in the presence of KF + NaF solutions showed that the amount of inclusions of heterogeneous entrapment increases at higher temperatures simultaneously with a decrease in the H2O content of the glassy phase.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bach, W. and Irber, W., Rare earth element mobility in the oceanic lower sheeted dyke complex: evidence from geochemical data and leaching experiments, Chem. Geol., 1998, vol. 151, no. 1, pp. 309–326.
Fabre, C., Boiron, M.C., Marignac, Ch., and Aïssa, M., Li-F-rich magmatic fluids evolved from rare metal granites: the example of the Beauvoir granite (French Massif Central); a microthermometric and LIBS study, XVI ECROFI European Current Research on Fluid Inclusions, Porto, 2001. Abstracts, Noronha, F., Dória, A., and Guedes, A., Eds., Faculdade de Ciências do Porto, Departamento de Geologia, Mem., 2001, no. 7, pp. 145–147
Butuzov, V.P. and Bryatov, L.V., Study of phase equilibria of parts of the H2O–SiO2–Na2CO3 system at high temperatures and pressures, Kristallografiya, 1957, no. 2, vol. 5, pp. 670–675.
Clemens, J.D., Generation of fluorine-bearing fluids in hydrothermal experiments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1984, vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 2393–2395.
Craddock, P.R., Bach, W., Seewald, J.S., Rouxel, O.J., Reeves, E., and Tivey, M.K., Rare earth element abundances in hydrothermal fluids from the Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea: indicators of sub-seafloor hydrothermal processes in back-arc basins, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 2010, vol. 74, pp. 5494–5513.
Gramenitskii, E.N., Shchekina, T.I., and Devyatova, V.N., Fazovye otnosheniya vo ftorsoderzhashchikh granitnoi i nefelin- sienitovoi sistemakh i raspredelenie elementov mezhdu fazami (Phase Relations in Fluorine-Bearing Granite and Nepheline–Syenite Systems and Element Distribution Between Phases), Moscow: GEOS, 2005.
Koster van Groose, A.F. and Wyllie, P.J., Melting relationships in the system NaAlSi3O8–NaF–H2O to 4 kbar pressure, J. Geol., 1968, vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 50–70.
Koster van Groose, A.F. and Wyllie, P.J., Melting relationships in the NaAlSi3O8–NaF–H2O to 1 kbar pressure with petrological applications, J. Geol. 1969, vol. 77, no. 5, pp. 581–605.
Kirgintsev, A.N., Trushnikova, L.I., and Lavrent’eva, V.G., Rastvorimost’ neorganicheskikh veshchestv v vode. Spravochnik (Solubility of Inorganic Matters in Water. A Reference Book) Leningrad: Khimiya, 1972.
Kotelnikova, Z.A. and Kotelnikov, A.R., Experimental study of heterogeneous fluid equilibria in silicate–salt–water systems, Geol. Ore Deposits, 2010a, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 154–166.
Kotelnikova, Z.A. and Kotelnikov, A.R., Immiscibility in sulfate-bearing fluid systems at high temperatures and pressures, Geochem. Int., 2010b, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 381–389.
Kotelnikova, Z.A. and Kotelnikov, A.R., NaF-bearing fluids: experimental investigation at 500–800°C and P = 2000 bar using synthetic fluid inclusions in quartz, Geochem. Int., 2008, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 48–61.
Kotelnikova, Z.A. and Kotelnikov, A.R., First results of the study of KF-bearing fluids by the method of synthetic fluid inclusions, Dokl. Earth Sci., 2014, vol. 459, pp. 1613–1614.
Makaev, S.V., Phase equilibia in system at supercritical paramet5ers and suppression of salt crystallization in hydrothermal flow-type processes, Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Chemistry) Dissertation, Chemistry, Moscow: IONKh RAN, 2017.
Morey, G.W. and Chen, W.T., Pressure-temperature curves in some systems containing water and salt, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1956, vol. 73, pp. 4249–4252.
Peretyazhko, I.S., Inclusions of magmatic fluids: P–V–T–X properties of aqueous salt solutions of various types and petrological implications, Petrology, 2009, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 178–201.
Peretyazhko, I.S., Zagorsky, V.E., Tsareva, E.A., and Sapozhnikov, A.N., Immiscibility of calcium fluoride and aluminosilicate melts in ongonite from the Ary-Bulak intrusion, Eastern Transbaikal Region, Dokl. Earth Sci., 2007, vol. 413, pp. 315–320.
Rapp, J.F., Klemme, S., Butler, I.B., and Harley, S.L., Extremely high solubility of rutile in chloride and fluoridebearing metamorphic fluids: an experimental investigation, Geology, 2010, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 323–326.
Ravich, M.I., Vodno-solevye sistemy pri povyshennykh temperaturakh i davleniyakh (Aqueous–Salt Systems at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures), Moscow: Nauka, 1974.
Redkin A.F., Stoyanovskaya F.M., Kotova N.P. Investigation of NaF solubility in chloride solutions at 400–500°C and 200–1000 bar, Dokl. Earth Sci., 2005, vol. 401A, pp. 465–468.
Redkin, A.F., Kotova, N.P., and Shapovalov, Yu.B., Liquid immiscibility in the system NaF–H2O at 1073 K and 200–230 MPa and its effect on microlite solubility, J. Solution Chem., 2015, vol. 44, pp. 2008–2026.
Reeves, E.P., Seewald, J.S., Saccocia, P., Bach, W., Craddock, P.R., Shanks, W.C., Sylva, S.P., Walsh, E., Pichler, T., and Rosner, M., Geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the Pacmanus, Northeast Pual and Vienna Woods hydrothermal fields, Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 2011, vol.75, pp. 1088–1123
Smirnov, S.Z., Fluid Regime of the magmatic stage of the rare-metal pegmatite systems: petrological implications, Extended Abstract of Doctoral Dissertation in Geology and Mineralogy, Novosibirsk: Institut geologii i mineralogii im. V.S. Soboleva, SO RAN, 2015.
Solovova, I.P., Girnis, A.V., and Kovalenko, V.I., Fluoride and chloride melts included in phenocrysts of agpaitic acid volcanic rocks from Pantelleria Island, Dokl. Earth Sci., 2010, vol. 433, pp. 978–981.
Tropper, P., Manning, C.E., and Harlov, D.E., Experimental determination of CePO4 and YPO4 solubilities in H2O–NaF at 800°C and 1 GPa: implications for rare earth element transport in high-grade metamorphic fluids, Geofluids, 2013, vol. 13, pp. 372–380.
Valyashko, V. M., Fazovye ravnovesiya i svoistva gidrotermal’nykh system (Phase Equilibria and Properties of Hydrothermal Systems), Moscow: Nauka, 1990.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © Z.A. Kotelnikova, A.R. Kotelnikov, 2018, published in Geologiya Rudnykh Mestorozhdenii, 2018, Vol. 60, No. 5, pp. 504–516.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kotelnikova, Z.A., Kotelnikov, A.R. Experimental Study of the SiO2–H2O–KF–KCl–NaF System at 700–800°C and 1–2 kbar Based on Synthetic Fluid Inclusions in Quartz. Geol. Ore Deposits 60, 449–460 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075701518050045
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075701518050045