Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Mineralogy and ore formation conditions of the Bugdaya Au-Bearing W-Mo porphyry deposit, Eastern Transbaikal Region, Russia

  • Published:
Geology of Ore Deposits Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Bugdaya Au-bearing W-Mo porphyry deposit, Eastern Transbaikal Region, Russia, is located in the central part of volcanic dome and hosted in the large Variscan granitic pluton. In its characteristics, this is a Climax-type deposit, or an Mo porphyry deposit of rhyolitic subclass. The enrichment in gold is related to the relatively widespread vein and veinlet gold-base-metal mineralization. More than 70 minerals (native metals, sulfides, sulfosalts, tellurides, oxides, molybdates, wolframates, carbonates, and sulfates) have been identified in stockwork and vein ores, including dzhalindite, greenockite, Mo-bearing stolzite, Ag and Au amalgams, stromeyerite, cervelleite, and berryite identified here for the first time. Four stages of mineral formation are recognized. The earliest preore stage in form of potassic alteration and intense silicification developed after emplacement of subvolcanic rhyolite (granite) porphyry stock. The stockwork and vein W-Mo mineralization of the quartz-molybdenite stage was the next. Sericite alteration, pyritization, and the subsequent quartz-sulfide veins and veinlets with native gold, base-metal sulfides, and various Ag-Cu-Pb-Bi-Sb sulfosalts of the gold-base-metal stage were formed after the rearrangement of regional pattern of tectonic deformation. The hydrothermal process was completed by argillic (kaolinite-smectite) assemblage of the postore stage. The fluid inclusion study (microthermometry and Raman spectroscopy) allowed us to establish that the stockwork W-Mo mineralization was formed at 550–380°C from both the highly concentrated Mg-Na chloride solution (brine) and the low-density gas with significant N2 and H2S contents. The Pb-Zn vein ore of the gold-base-metal stage enriched in Au, Ag, Bi, and other rare metals was deposited at 360–140°C from a homogeneous Na-K chloride (hydrocarbonate, sulfate) hydrothermal solution of medium salinity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abramov, S.S. and Rasskazov, A.V., The Mechanism of the Formation of Ore-bearing High-Fluorine Magmas and Quartz Oscillation Crystallization, Geol. Rudn. Mestorozhd., 1997, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 279–289 [Geol. Ore Deposits (Engl. Transl.), 1997, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 237–246].

    Google Scholar 

  • Andreeva, O.V. and Golovin, V.A., Metasomatic Processes in Ore Deposits in the Mesozoic Intraplate Activization Areas (Eastern Mongolia and the Transbaikal Region), Geol. Rudn. Mestorozhd., 2001, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 227–242 [Geol. Ore Deposits (Engl. Transl.), 2001, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 202–215].

    Google Scholar 

  • Andreeva, O.V., Golovin, V.A., Kozlova, P.S., et al., Evolution of Mesozoic Magmatism and Ore-Forming Metasomatic Processes in the Southeastern Transbaikal Region (Russia), Geol. Rudn. Mestorozhd., 1996, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 115–130 [Geol. Ore Deposits (Engl. Transl.), 1996, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 101–113].

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, S.P., Fall, A., and Bodnar, R.J., Synthetic Fluid Inclusions. XVII. PVTX Properties of High-Salinity H2O-NaCl Solutions (>30 wt % NaCl): Application to Fluid Inclusions That Homogenize by Halite Disappearance from Porphyry Copper and Other Ore Deposits, Econ. Geol., 2008, vol. 103, pp. 539–554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernard, A., Volative Transport and Deposition of Mo, W and Re in High Magmatic Fluids, Appl. Geochem., 1990, vol. 5, pp. 317–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bindi, L., Evain, M., Spry, P.G., and Menchetti, S., The Pearceite-Polibasite Group of Minerals: Crystal Chemistry and New Nomenclature Rule, Am. Mineral., 2007, vol. 92, pp. 918–925.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bodnar, R.J. and Vityk, M.O., Interpretation of Microthermometric Data for H2O-NaCl Fluid Inclusions, in Fluid Inclusions in Minerals: Methods and Applications, Pontignano-Siena, 1994, pp. 117–130.

  • Borisenko, A.S., Cryometric Analysis of Salt Composition from Fluid Inclusions in Minerals, Geol. Geofiz., 1977, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 16–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bortnikov, N.S., Khanchuk, A.I., Krylova, T.L., et al., Geochemistry of the Mineral-Forming Fluids in Some Tin-Bearing Hydrothermal Systems of Sikhote Alin, the Russian Far East, Geol. Rudn. Mestorozhd., 2005, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 537–570 [Geol. Ore Deposits (Engl. Transl.), 2005, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 488–516].

    Google Scholar 

  • Botrell, S.N. and Miller, M.F., The Geochemical Behavior of Nitrogen Compounds during the Formation of Black Shale Hosted Quartz-Vein Gold Deposits, North Wales, Appl. Geochem., 1990, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 289–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Botrell, S.N., Carr, L.P., and Dubessy, J., A Nitrogen-Rich Metamorphic Fluid and Coexisting Minerals in Slates from North Wales, Mineral. Mag., 1988, vol. 52, pp. 451–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, P.E., FLINCOR: a Microcomputer Program for the Reduction and Investigation of Fluid Inclusions Data, Am. Mineral., 1989, vol. 74, pp. 1390–1399.

    Google Scholar 

  • Candela, P.A. and Holland. D. The Effect of Fluorine on the Partitioning of Molybdenum between a Magma and a Hydrothermal Solution, in Geol. Soc. Amer. Abstracts with Programs, 1981, vol. 13, p. 422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, M.L., Fluid Inclusions: Applications to Petrology, in Mineral. Assoc. Canada Short Course Handbook, 1981, pp. 75–100.

  • Davis, D.W., Lowenstein, T.K., and Spenser, R.J., Melting Behavior of Fluid Inclusions in Laboratory-Grown Halite Crystals in the Systems NaCl-H2O, NaCl-KCl-H2O, NaCl-MgCl2-H2O and CaCl2-NaCl-H2O, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1990, vol. 54, pp. 591–601.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dobrovol’skaya, M.G. and Shadlun, T.N., Mineral’nye assotsiatsii i usloviya formirovaniya svintsovo-tsinkovykh rud (Mineral Assemblages and Formation Conditions of Lead-Zinc Ores), Moscow: Nauka, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubessy, J., Pagel, M., Beny, J.M., et al., Radiolysis Evidenced by H2-O2 and H2-Bearing Fluid Inclusions in Three Uranium Deposits, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1988, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 1155–1168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duit, W., Jansen, J.H., Breemen, A., and Bos, A., Ammonium Micas in Metamorphic Rocks As Exemplified by Dome de L’Agourt (France), Amer. J. Sci., 1986, vol. 286 no. 9, pp. 702–732.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Field, C.W. and Fifarek, R.H., Light Stable-Isotope Systematic in the Epithermal Environments, Rev. Econ. Geol., 1985, vol. 2, pp. 99–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fricke, R. and Seits, A., Kristalline Hydroxide des Indiums und Scandiums, Ztschr. Anorg. Chem, 1947, vol. 255, nos. 1–3, pp. 13–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Genkin, A.D. and Murav’eva, I.V., Indite and Dzhalindite-New Indium Minerals, Zap. Vsesoyuzn. Mineral. Ova, 1963, vol. 92, no. 4, pp. 445–458.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordeev, V.I. and Krasnikov, V.I., The Bugdaya Gold-Molybdenum Deposit, in Veshchestvennyi sostav i obogashchenie rud i rossypei Vostochnogo Zabaikal’ya (Composition and Concentrating of Ores and Placers in the Eastern Transbaikal Region), Chita: Poisk, 2001, pp. 207–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishihara, S., The Magnetite-Series and Ilmenite-Series Granitic Rocks, Min. Geol., 1977, vol. 27, pp. 293–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jelen, S., Kovalenker, V.A., and Gaber, M., Paragenetic Assemblages of Gold and Silver Minerals in Ores of the Banska Stiavnica and Hodrusa Deposits (The Western Carpathians, Slovakia): Mineralogy, Variation of Chemical Composition, and Formation Conditions, in Rol mineralogii v poznanii protsessov rudoobrazovaniya (Contribution of Mineralogy to Knowledge on Ore Formation), Moscow: IGEM RAN, 2007, pp. 178–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karyakin, Yu.V. and Angelov, I.I., Chistye khimicheskie reaktivy (Pure Chemical Reagents), Moscow: Goskhimizdat, 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kharitonov, Yu.F., Chechetkin, V.E., Shevchuk, G.A., et al., Mineral’no-syr’evye resursy Chitinskoi oblasti (Mineral Resources of the Chita Region), Chita, 2003, pp. 94–99.

  • Kiseleva, G.D., Kovalenker, V.A., Trubkin, N.V., et al., Finds of Rare In, Cd, Mo, and W Minerals in Gold-Base-Metal Vein Ore at the Bugdaya An-Mo (W) Porphyry Deposit, the East Transbaikal Region, Russia, in Novye dannye o mineralakh (New Data on Minerals), 2008, no. 46, pp. 13–22.

  • Koltun, L.I. and Piznyur, A.V., Results of Fluid Inclusion Study in Mineral Assemblages of the Bugdaya Molybdenum-Base-Metal Deposit, Mineral. Sb., 1970, no. 24, pp. 274–285.

  • Kormilitsin, V.S., The Main Features of Mesozoic Metallogeny of the Eastern Transbaikal Region, Sov. Geol., 1959, no. 11, pp. 96–109.

  • Kovalenker, V.A., Krylova, T.L., Kiseleva, G.D., and Kigai, I.N., Formation Conditions of Au-Mo(W)-Pb-Zn Ores of the Bugdaya Atypical Porphyry Deposit, Eastern Transbaikalia, Russia, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 2007, vol. 416, no. 1, pp. 96–99 [Dokl. Earth Sci. (Engl. Transl.), 2007, vol. 416, no. 7, pp. 1047–1050].

    Google Scholar 

  • Krivtsov, A.I., Migachev, I.F., and Popov, V.S., Medno-porfirovye mestorozhdeniya mira (Porphyry Copper Deposits of the World), Moscow: Nedra, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruglova, V.G., Chernov, B.S., Evdokhin, A.G., and Pastukhova, E.S., A Molybdenum Stockwork Deposit in the Eastern Transbaikal Region, Sov. Geol., 1965, no. 3, pp. 118–124.

  • Nosik, L.P., Izotopnye metody pri izuchenii mineraloobrazovaniya (Isotopic Methods in the Study of Mineral Formation), Moscow: Nauka, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohmoto, H. and Goldhaber, M.B., Sulphur and Carbon Isotopes, in Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits, New York: Wiley, 1997, pp. 517–612.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piznyur, A.V., Temperature and Pressure during Formation of Mineral Assemblages at Molybdenum and Molybdenum-Base-Metal Deposits, Mineral. Sb., 1970, no. 24, pp. 437–441.

  • Potter, R.W. and Cline, M.A., Pressure Correction for Fluid Inclusion Homogenization Temperatures, in Abstracts of the 5th IAGOD Symp., Snowbird, 1978, p. 146.

  • Povilaitis, M.M., Origin and Prospecting Implications of rhythmically Zoned Granitic Bodies, in Petrologo-mineralogicheskie osobennosti porod i tekhnicheskikh kamnei (Petrologic and Mineralogical Features of Rocks and technical Stones), Moscow: Nauka, 1979, pp. 205–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roedder, E., Fluid Inclusions in Minerals, Reviews in Mineralogy, Mineral. Soc. Amer., 1984, vol. 12; Mir, Moscow, 1987.

  • Seedorf, E., Dilles, J.H., Proffett, J.N., et al., Porphyry Deposits: Characteristics and Origin of Hypogene Features, Econ. Geol., 2005, vol. 100, pp. 251–298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shcheglov, A.D., Osnovnye problemy sovremennoi metallogenii (Main Issues of Contemporary Metallogeny), Leningrad: Nedra, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solov’ev, E.G., Strel’tsov, V.A., and Chukhrova, O.F., Composition of Native Gold and Its Distribution by Matrix Minerals in Base-Metal veins at the Bugdaya Molybdenum Deposit, in Lokal’nye metody issledovaniya veshchestva (Local Methods of Matter Research), Suzdal, 1993, pp. 99–102.

  • Spenser, R.J., Moller, N., and Weare, J.H., The Prediction of Mineral Solubilities in Mineral Waters: a Chemical Equilibrium Model for the Na-K-Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4 System at Temperatures Below 25°C, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1990, vol. 54, pp. 575–602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tikhonov, N.D., Formation Conditions of a Stockwork Deposit Related to Subvolcanic Vents, the Transbaikal Region, Izv. Vyssh. Ucebn. Zaved., Geol. Razved., 1962, no. 7, pp. 76–86.

  • Tingle, T.N. and Fenn, P.M., Transport and Concentration of Molybdenum in Granite-Molybdenite Systems: Effects of Fluorine and Sulfur, Geology, 1984, no. 12, pp. 156–158.

  • Tomson, I.N., Deep Faults Their Ore-Controlling Implications, and Research Methods, in Litologicheskie i strukturnye faktory razmeshcheniya orudeneniya v rudnykh raionakh (Lithologic and Structural Factors of Ore Localization in Ore Districts), Moscow: Nedra, 1964, pp. 76–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomson, I.N., Ore-Concentrating Structural Elements in the Eastern Transbaikal Region, in Novye dannye po magmatizmu i mineralizatsii v rudnykh raionakh Vostoka SSSR (New Data on Magmatism and Mineralization in Ore Districts in the East of the USSR), Moscow: Nauka, 1971, pp. 6–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voudouris, P. and Spry, P., A New Occurrence of Cervelleite-Like Phases and Te-Polybasite from Gold-Bearing Veins in Metamorphic Rocks of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit, Greece, in Int. Geol. Congress, http//www.33igc.org/1350917.html

  • Warmada, I.W. and Lehmann, B., Polymetallic Sulfides and Sulfosalts of the Pongkor Epithermal Gold-Silver Deposit, West Java, Indonesia, Can. Mineral., 2003, vol. 41, pp. 185–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, W.H., Bookstrom, A.A., Kamilli, R.J., et al., Character and Origin of Climax-type Molybdenum Deposits, Econ. Geol., 1981, vol. 75, pp. 270–316 (Genezis rudnykh mestorozhdenii (Genesis of Ore Deposits), Moscow: Mir, 1984, vol. 1, pp. 334–400).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zonenshain, L.P., Kuz’min, M.I., and Natapov, L.M., Tektonika litosfernykh plit territorii SSSR (Tectonics of Lithospheric Plates in the UUSR Territory), Moscow: Nedra, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Staromonetnyi per. 35, Moscow, 119017, Russia

    V. A. Kovalenker, G. D. Kiseleva, T. L. Krylova & O. V. Andreeva

Authors
  1. V. A. Kovalenker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. G. D. Kiseleva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. T. L. Krylova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. O. V. Andreeva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to V. A. Kovalenker.

Additional information

Original Russian Text © V.A. Kovalenker, G.D. Kiseleva, T.L. Krylova, O.V. Andreeva, 2011, published in Geologiya Rudnykh Mestorozhdenii, 2011, Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 107–142.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kovalenker, V.A., Kiseleva, G.D., Krylova, T.L. et al. Mineralogy and ore formation conditions of the Bugdaya Au-Bearing W-Mo porphyry deposit, Eastern Transbaikal Region, Russia. Geol. Ore Deposits 53, 93–125 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075701511020048

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075701511020048

Keywords

Search

Navigation