Abstract
A new method for primary evaluation of REE ore is based on classification of REE by the level of demand from industry. For their primary evaluation, it is proposed to use an outlook coefficient (Koutl) for REE ores, which is a ratio of the relative amount of critical REE to the relative amount of excess REE: Koutl= (Nd + Eu + Tb + Dy + Er + Y)/REE sum: (Ce + Ho + Tm + Yb + Lu)/REE sum. The use of this coefficient for comparison of REE ores pertaining to various genetic types makes it possible not only to grade newly discovered deposits at the early stage of their study but also to evaluate a possible contribution of well-known deposits, including those currently mined, to output of REE.
References
Arbuzov, S.I. and Mashen’kin, V.S., Oxidation Zone of Coalfields As a Promising Source of Noble and Rare Metals: A Case of Coalfields in Central Asia, in Problemy i perspektivy razvitiya mineral’no-syr’evoi bazy i predpriyatii TEK Sibiri (Problems and Outlook of Development of Mineral Resources and Fuel-Energetic Enterprises of Siberia), Tomsk: Tomsk Polytechnic Univ., 2007, pp. 26–31.
Bao, Z. and Zhao, Z., Geochemistry and Mineralization with Exchangeable REY in the Weathering Crusts of Granitic Rocks in South China, Ore Geol. Reviews, 2008, vol. 33, nos. 3/4, pp. 519–535.
Baturin, G.N., Rudy okeana (Oceanic Ores), Moscow: Nauka, 1993.
Chi, T. and Tian, J., Weathered Crusts Elution-Deposited Rare Earth Ores, New York: Nova Science Publ., Inc, 2008.
Dai, S., Ren, D., Hou, X., and Shao, L., Geochemical and Mineralogical Anomalies of the Late Permian Coal in the Zhijin Coalfield of Southwest China and Their Volcanic Origin, Int. J. Coal Geol., 2003, vol. 55, pp. 117–138.
Ganzeev, A.A., Thorium-Rare Earth Veins As an Example of Natural Chromatographic Separation of REE, in Prikladnaya geokhimiya. Mineralogiya, geokhimiya i geneticheskie tipy mestorozhdenii (Applied Geochemistry. Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Genetic Types of Deposits), Moscow: IMGRE, 2005, issue 2, pp. 175–186.
Goff, B.H., Weinberg, R., Groves, D.I., et al., The Giant Vergenoeg Fluorite Deposit in a Magnetite-Fluorite-Fayalite REE Pipe: A Hydrothermally Altered Carbonatite-Related Pegmatoid?, Mineral. Petrol., 2004, vol. 80, pp. 173–199.
Gschneidner, KA. and Pecharsky, V.K., Thirty Years of Near-Room Temperature Magnetic Cooling: Where We Are Today and Future Prospects, Int. J. Refrigeration, 2008, vol. 31, pp. 945–961.
Hatch, G., http://treo.typepad.com/raremetalblog/2009/11/blog-rare-earths-nomenclature-time-to-standardize.html.
Hedrick, J.H., http://treo.typepad.com/raremetalblog/2010/05/blog-rare-earths-nomenclature-time-to-standardize.html.
Hein, J.R., Koshinsky, F., Bau, M., et al., Cobalt-Rich Ferromanganese Crusts in the Pacific, in Handbook of Marine Mineral Deposits, New York: CRC, 2000, pp. 239–279.
Honty, M., Clauer, N., and Sucha, V., Rare-Earth Elemental Systematics of Mixed Smectite from Sedimentary and Hydrothermal Environments of the Western Carpathians (Slovakia), Chem. Geol., 2008, vol. 249, pp. 167–190.
http://www.matamec.com/UploadImages/2009716154342-mateng.pdf
Kingsnorth, D.J., An Overview of the Rare Earth Market., IMCOA, 2009. http://www.ggg.gl/userfiles/file/Reports/GGG%20-Annual%20Report/202009.pdf.
Korostylev, P.G., Semenyak, B.I., Gorelikova, N.V., et al., REE Distribution in Zonal Fluoriteof the Verknee Tungsten-Tin Deposit, the Khingan-Oloi District, in Problemy geologii rudnykh mestorozhdenii, mineralogii, petrologii i geokhimii (Problems of Geology of Ore Deposits, Mineralogy, Petrology, and Geochemistry), Moscow: IGEM RAN, 2008, pp. 295–299.
Kremenetsky, A.A., Shaderman, F.I., Kopneva, L.A., and Levchenko, E.N., Criteria of Online Evaluation of Profitability of REE-Bearing Mantles of Weathering, Razved. Okhr. Nedr, 2004, no. 3, pp. 19–24.
Lifton, J., http://www.jackliftonreport.com/2009/11/the-rare-earth-crisis-of-2009.html.
Mariano, A.N., Hedrick, J.H., and Cox, C.A., Criteria for the Evaluation of REE Deposits on a World Level, SME annual meeting. ppt, 2008.
Seredin, V.V. and Finkelman, R.B., Metalliferous Coals: A Review of the Main Genetic and Geochemical Types, Int. J. Coal Geology, 2008, vol. 76, pp. 253–289.
Seredin, V.V., Kremenetsky, A.A., Trach, G.N., and Tomson, I.N., New Data on the REY Hydrothermal Ores with Extraordinarily High Concentrations of Rare Earth Elements, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 2009, vol. 425, no. 3, pp. 378–383 [Dokl. Earth Sci. (Engl. Transl.), 2009, vol. 425, no. 3, pp. 403–408].
Seredin, V.V., Rare Earth Mineralization in Late Cenozoic Explosion Structures (Khankai Massif, Primorskii Krai, Russia), Geol. Rudn. Mestorozhd., 1998, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 403–418 [Geol. Ore Deposits (Engl. Transl.), vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 357–371].
Solodov, N.A., Semenov, E.I., and Usova, T.Yu., Trebovaniya promyshlennosti k kachestvu mineral’nogo syr’ya. Ittrii i lantanoidy (Requirements of Industry to the Quality of Mineral Resources. Yttrium and Lanthanides), Moscow: IMGRE, 1993.
Stolyarov, A.S. and Ivlieva, E.I., Upper Oligocene Sediments of the Ciscaucasus, Volga-Don, and Mangyshlak Regions (Central Part of the Eastern Paratethys): Communication 3. Metal Potential and Formation Conditions of Fish Bone Detritus and Iron Sulfide Deposits, Litol. Polezn. Iskop., 2004, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 504–522 [Lithol. Miner. Resour. (Engl. Transl.), vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 437–453].
Taylor, W.R., Esslemont, G., and Sun, S.-Sl., Geology of the Volcanic-Hosted Brockman Rare-Metals Deposit, Halls Creek Mobile Zone, Northwest Australia. II. Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of the Brockman Volcanics, Mineral. Petrol., 1995, vol. 52, pp. 231–255.
Usova, T.Yu. and Solodov, N.A., Formatsionno-parageneticheskie tipy mestorozhdenii ittriya i ittrievykh lantanoidov (Geological and Paragenetic Types of Y and HREE Deposits), Moscow: VIEMS, 1989.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © V.V. Seredin, 2010, published in Geologiya Rudnykh Mestorozhdenii, 2010, Vol. 52, No. 5, pp. 475–480.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Seredin, V.V. A new method for primary evaluation of the outlook for rare earth element ores. Geol. Ore Deposits 52, 428–433 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075701510050077
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075701510050077